Acids & Bases

Arrhenius Acid

Produces $H^+$ ions in water.

Arrhenius Base

Produces $OH^-$ ions in water.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Donates protons ($H^+$ ions).

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Accepts protons ($H^+$ ions).

Conjugate Base

What remains after an acid donates a proton.

Conjugate Acid

What remains after a base accepts a proton.

Acids

Sour taste, react with metals, conduct electricity, neutralize bases, turn litmus red.

Bases

Bitter taste, slippery feel, conduct electricity, neutralize acids, turn litmus blue.

Neutralization

Acid + Base -> Water + Salt

Strong Acid/Base

Ionizes completely in solution.

Weak Acid/Base

Ionizes slightly in solution.

Six Strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

Strong bases

LiOh, NaOH, KOH, RBOH, and CSOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2

Titration Calculation

$$\frac{MaVa}{Ca}=\frac{MaVa}{Ca}$$

Buffer

Resists change in pH, contains weak conjugate acid-base pair.