Fibrinogen, Hemostasis, Coagulation cascade, Clotting factors disorders

An essential protein in blood plasma that serves as an acute-phase protein plays a vital role in blood coagulation

Plasma fibrinogen

Plasma fibrinogen is produced by _

Liver

Fibrinogen also acts as a _

Biomarker for inflammation

Importance of measuring plasma fibrinogen is

It indicates health condition even before clinical signs

Indications of High Plasma Fibrinogen

• Inflammatory diseases

• Trauma or surgery

• Chronic diseases

Indications of Low Plasma Fibrinogen

• Liver disease

• Coagulopathies

• Genetic deficiencies

Importance in Veterinary Medicine

• Inflammation detection

• Monitoring disease progression

• Preoperative and postoperative assessment

• Identifying coagulopathies

Fibrinogen pathway

1. Activation of coagulation cascade

2. Conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin

3. Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin

4. Polymerization of Fibrin

5. Stabilization of the Fibrin clot

6. Formation of the Blood Clot

It is the process that stops bleeding at the site of an injury to maintain blood vessel integrity

Hemostasis

3 main steps of hemostasis

• Vascular constriction

• Platelet plug formation

• Coagulation

Steps of Hemostasis

1. Vascular Spasm

2. Platelet Formation

3. Coagulation

4. Clot Retraction and Repair

5. Clot Removal

Mechanism of Platelet plug formation

• Platelet adhesion

• Platelet activation

• Platelet aggregation

Platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers at the injury site

Platelet adhesion

Platelets release signaling molecules like ADP, thromboxane A2, and serotonin and recruit more platelets to the site

Platelet activation

Activated platelets stick together

Platelet aggregation

It is a complex series of steps that lead to blood clot formation to stop bleeding

Coagulation Cascade

Steps of Coagulation cascade

1. Initiation of the Cascade

2. Intrinsic pathway

3. Extrinsic pathway

4. Common pathway

5. Thrombin as a central regulator

6. Formation of fibrin clot

7. Regulation and termination of the cascade

Clotting factor disorders

1. Hemophilia

2. von Willebrand Disease

3. Vitamin K deficiency

4. DIC

5. Factor XII deficiency

6. Factor XI deficiency

7. Liver disease associated coagulopathies