Body Organization Medical Terminology

Vocabulary flashcards covering combining forms, tissue types, body systems, anatomical positions, directional terms, and body planes.

abdomin/o

abdomen

adip/o

fat

aer/o

air

anter/o

front

brachi/o

arm

bucc/o

cheek

cardi/o

heart

caud/o

tail

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck

chondr/o

cartilage

crani/o

skull

crin/o

to secrete

crur/o

leg

cutane/o

skin

cyt/o

cell

derm/o

skin

dermat/o

skin

dist/o

away from

dors/o

back

enter/o

small intestine

epitheli/o

epithelium

gastr/o

stomach

glute/o

buttock

gynec/o

female

hal/o

to breathe

hemat/o

blood

hist/o

tissue

immun/o

protection

infer/o

below

inguin/o

groin

laryng/o

larynx

later/o

side

lingu/o

tongue

lumb/o

loin (low back)

lymph/o

lymph

medi/o

middle

muscul/o

muscle

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

ophthalm/o

eye

orth/o

straight

or/o

mouth

ot/o

ear

pariet/o

cavity wall

ped/o

foot

pelv/o

pelvis

peritone/o

peritoneum

pleur/o

pleura

poster/o

back

proct/o

rectum and anus

proxim/o

near to

pub/o

genital region

pulmon/o

lung

rect/o

rectum

rhin/o

nose

spin/o

spine

super/o

above

thec/o

sheath (meninges)

thorac/o

chest

topic/o

a specific area

ur/o

urine

urin/o

urine

vagin/o

vagina

vascul/o

blood vessel

ven/o

vein

ventr/o

belly

vertebr/o

vertebra

viscer/o

internal organ

Cytology

Study of cells (cyt/o = cell, -logy = study of)

Histology

The study of tissue (hist/o = tissue, -logy = study of)

Muscular tissue

Produces movement in the body through contraction and is composed of individual muscle cells called muscle fibers

Epithelial tissue

Covers and lines certain body structures with special properties such as protection, absorption, and secretion

Connective tissue

Supporting and protecting tissue in body structures that performs different functions depending on its location

Nervous tissue

Made up of cells called neurons, forming the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves allowing conduction of electrical impulses

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Epithelial tissue that looks like multiple layers, but is actually just one layer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of cube-shaped cells

Simple squamous epithelium

Epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of flattened, scale-like cells

Simple columnar epithelium

Epithelial tissue composed of a single layer of tall, column-shaped cells

Anatomical position

Standard body reference position used when describing the positions and relationships of structures in the human body

Integumentary System

Forms protective two-way barrier; aids in temperature regulation. Consists of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Musculoskeletal System

Skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals; muscles produce movement. Consists of bones, joints, and muscles

Cardiovascular System

Pumps blood throughout entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes. Consists of heart, arteries, and veins

Hematic System

Transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding. Consists of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Lymphatic System

Protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens. Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils

Respiratory System

Obtains oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body. Consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

Gastrointestinal System

Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body. Consists of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

Urinary System

Filters waste products out of blood and removes them from body. Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Female Reproductive System

Produces eggs for reproduction, provides place for growing baby, and nourishes infant. Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and breasts

Male Reproductive System

Produces sperm for reproduction. Consists of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland

Endocrine System

Regulates metabolic activities of the body. Consists of pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

Nervous System

Receives sensory information and coordinates body's response. Consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Sagittal plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions

Frontal plane

Coronal plane dividing the body into front and back portions

Transverse plane

Horizontal plane dividing the body into an upper half and lower half

Body Planes

Planes dividing the body, including sagittal plane, frontal plane (coronal plane), and transverse plane (horizontal plane)