Myers Psychology for AP 2e - Social Psychology

studied byStudied by 159 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

social psychology

1 / 46

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

47 Terms

1

social psychology

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

New cards
2

attribution theory

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.

New cards
3

fundamental attribution error

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

New cards
4

attitude

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

New cards
5

peripheral route persuasion

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

New cards
6

central route persuasion

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

New cards
7

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

New cards
8

role

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

New cards
9

cognitive dissonance theory

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.

New cards
10

conformity

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

New cards
11

normative social influence

influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

New cards
12

informational social influence

influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

New cards
13

social facilitation

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

New cards
14

social loafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

New cards
15

deindividuation

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

New cards
16

group polarization

the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

New cards
17

groupthink

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

New cards
18

culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

New cards
19

norm

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior.

New cards
20

prejudice

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

New cards
21

stereotype

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.

New cards
22

discrimination

(2) in social psychology, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

New cards
23

just-world phenomenon

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

New cards
24

ingroup

"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.

New cards
25

outgroup

"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

New cards
26

ingroup bias

the tendency to favor our own group.

New cards
27

scapegoat theory

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

New cards
28

other-race effect

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. (Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias.)

New cards
29

aggression

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

New cards
30

frustration-aggression principle

the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.

New cards
31

social script

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.

New cards
32

mere exposure effect

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

New cards
33

passionate love

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

New cards
34

companionate love

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

New cards
35

equity

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

New cards
36

self-disclosure

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

New cards
37

altruism

unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

New cards
38

bystander effect

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

New cards
39

social exchange theory

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

New cards
40

reciprocity norm

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

New cards
41

social-responsibility norm

an expectation that people will help those needing their help.

New cards
42

conflict

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

New cards
43

social trap

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

New cards
44

mirror-image perceptions

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

New cards
45

self-fulfilling prophecy

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

New cards
46

superordinate goals

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

New cards
47

GRIT Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction

a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 62 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 71 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 398 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard20 terms
studied byStudied by 117 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard94 terms
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(3)
flashcards Flashcard20 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard118 terms
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard117 terms
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard104 terms
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard32 terms
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard45 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)