Eye

What is vision

reception of light emitted or reflected from objects

Visible light is also known as

electromagnetic radiation

What structures protect the eye

eyebrow

eyelid

conjunctiva

lacrimal apparatus

extrinsic eye muscles

What are the muscles of the eye

superior rectus

inferior rectus

lateral rectus

medical rectus

superior oblique

inferior oblique

What are the three layers that form the walls of the eyeball

Fibrous

Vascular

internal

What two regions of the eye does the fibrous layer contain

sclera

cornea

What are the 3 layers of the vascular layer

choroid region,

ciliary body

iris

What is fovea centralis

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

True or false. The cornea refracts light more than the lens

true

What are the 3 processes to focus images in the retina

convergence of eyes

construction of pupil

accommodation of lens

What is emmetropia

normal vision

What is convergence

medial rotation of the eyeball toward the object being viewed

What is hyperopia and how is is corrected

farsightedness, convex lens

What is myopia and how is it corrected

nearsightedness, concave lens

3 principle neural components

photoreceptors

bipolar cells

ganglion cells

Dark adaptation

light to dark, pupils dilate

Light adaptation

dark to light, pupils constrict

What’s is scotopic

night vision

What’s photopic

day vision

What are the three types of cones

blue

green

red

What are cataracts

clouding of the lens

What’s glaucoma

pressure due to obstruction of sclera venous sinus

What’s a astigmatism

unequal curvature of the cornea

What’s muscular degeneration

loss of central vision

What’s the correct order of the cells in the retina from back to front

photoreceptor

bipolar

ganglion

axons from all regions of the retina converge on the ______ and exit the eye by the optic nerve

optic disc

Why do cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods

photopic vision has higher resolution than scotopic vision

What’s are the only rental cells that produce action potential

ganglion cells

What describes the duplicity theory of vision

a single rope of receptor system can produce both high sensitivity and high resolution

What’s the vestibular projection pathway to the brain

vestibular nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

vestibular nuclei

thalamus

cerebral cortex

Half of the axons of each optic nerve dicussate at the

optic chiasm

what’s the function of the ciliary body?

surrounds and controls the lens

what’s the difference between palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva

the palpebral conjunctiva- lines the upper n lower eyelid

bulb at conjunctiva- lies on the white part of the eye

what holds the lens in place?

suspensory ligaments

what is the function of the cornea and lens?

cornea- bends light

lens- focus light

what’s the difference between rods and cones?

rods- black n white, night vision

cones- color, day vision