Biology Module 7 Vocab

Energy

The ability to do work.

Thermodynamics

The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions in a cell.

Photosynthesis

The anabolic pathway in which light energy is converted to stored chemical energy by converting carbon dioxide plus water into sugar plus released oxygen.

Cellular respiration

A catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy.

Adenosine Trienosphate (ATP)

The most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy.

Thylakoids

Flattened, sac-like membranes that are arranged in stacks.

Grana

Stack of thylakoids.

Stroma

The fluid-filled space that is outside the grana.

Pigments

Light-

Anaerobic processes

Processes that don’t require oxygen.

Aerobic processes

Processes that require oxygen.

Glycolysis

The process of which glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm.

Krebs cycle

The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide.

Fermentation

A process which occurs in the cytoplasm and regenerates the cells supply of NAD while producing a small amount of ATP.

Calvin cycle

The process of which energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose.

Rubisco

An enzyme that converts the remaining ten G3P molecules into 5-carbon molecules called ribulose 1, 5-bisphospates.