Folk- E 151 Global Pop Music Exam #1

In an article we read in class, David Byrne says he hates this label

World Music

In pop music, a short melodic fragment designed to grab the listener

hook

insider and outsider perspectives

emic and etic

Often associated with country and bluegrass, this stringed instrument has direct African origins

banjo

We used this term to describe purposeful grunts interjected between phrases, particularly in some hip hop tracks

non-lexical utterances

A term that refers to Mexican Americans in Texas

Tejano/ Tejana

Selena Quintanilla performed in this genre

Tejano

2022 album Moonchild Mixes did this to Selena's voice

aged it / detuned it to make her sound older

four characteristics Zaheer Ali argues are typical of protest music

1.chronicles a history

2. provides social critique

3.connects people

4. is a call to action

A term coined by Josh Kun to discuss how we experience music not just as sounds, but as a space

audiotopia

The exact quote from Black Lives Mater co-founder Alicia Garza on the mission and purpose of the organization

"Black Lives Matter is an ideological and political intervention in a world where Black lives are systematically and intentionally targeted for demise. It is an affirmation of Black folks' contributions to this society, our humanity, and our resilience in the face of deadly oppression."

A genre often referred to as rap music's elder kin

-accented upbeats

-slower tempo

-african drumming

-incluences from Rastafarianism

reggae

The four "classic" elements of hip hop culture

graffiti, Doing, B-boying, and Mcing

A technique developed by DJ Kool Her to play music breaks continuously at parties

the merry-go-round

This song's music video features powerful visuals of indigenous culture, corporates symbol of resistance and survival, and lyric critiquing oppression

Frank Waln's "AbOriginal"

David Byrne "What is wrong with the term "world music"?"

everything that isn't western music lumped together

undermines artists' individuality and work

"world music"/"global pop"

catch all broad term

started because music industry didn't know how to categorize African music in 90s.

What is #NotYourMascot

* An online activism against stereotypes of indigenous people

* Protests against mascots of different teams

* became popular after the 2020 BLM protests

Indigenous Modernity

"Tradition" as a gatekeeping concept

Validates real struggles by acknowledging the continued existence of Indigenous peoples in North America

Community building, activism

The Red Power Movement

The movement among American Indians during the late 1960s, and early 1970s, that sought to end the federal policy of termination and to revitalize Indians communities and cultures, often though direct action.

indie

low production value(simple lyrics, rejects mainstream aesthetics)

guitar=emotional climax

what makes a melody?

1. pitch-frequency(high or low)

2. scale-pitches in order(low to high)

3. melody-arrangement of pitches in order(do re mi)

upbeat

emotion not a tempo, happy/positive

Indigenous

General term for groups endemic to a particular area

First Nations

Acknowledges the impacts of colonialism, mostly used in Canadian contexts

Where did Indigenous hip hop come directly from?

The Red Power activism

Indigenous hip hop

* emerged late 1980's alongside West Coast hip hop and gangsta rap

* WithOut Reservation

Specific tribe

Lakota, Mapuche, Citizen Potawatomi

what makes a pop song?/what is pop?

catchy, high tempo rhythm, beat drop/build up

heavily produced(vocal layers), catchy hook, lyrics tell a story, verse-chorus structure

timbre

quality of sound

"tone color"

distinguishes between voices and instruments

bright/dark/harsh/smooth

example-Jimmy Fallon "Since You Been Gone"

3 way music actively constructs identity?

self expression, shared community, external influence

If hip hop achieved global spread in the 1989's why was hip hop controversial in Cuba?

* Leader, Field Castro considered rap music "the enemy" due to it's relationship to US capitalism

* this led to informal gatherings to listen to the music in Havana

Grupo Uno

*First rap festival with government approval

* Castro (leader of Cuba) approved

What is the clave?

* Refers both to instrument and rhythm

* Two versions: 2-3 and 3-2

What is a Polyrhythm

The juxtaposition of two or more different rhythmic patterns

What is Cuban son

* Predecessor to salsa music

* Popularized as a partner dance

* Associated with national identity in Cuba

What was the 1990 "Special Period in Peacetime"

* Fall of the soviet union

* economic hardship ( switch to the dollar)

Who and why was the BLM movement founded?

* Founded in 2013 by Alicia Garza after the the murder of Trayvon Martin.

What A Mother's Rite

A black Iris Project ballet organization "explores one mother's journey throughstages of grief after being thrust into the spotlight by way ofher son's murder"

Tejano music

A type of Latino music that blends pop, rock, polka, R&B, and Latin influences.

How does Selena construct Tejana identity in her music?

* mix of Spanish and English

* Mix of dance styles

* Creates productive space of mixing/remixing cultural forms

How might fans use the internet to commemorate artists like Selena?

* Impersonators

*Political Memes

* if they were still alive

what is a nation?

an imagined political community

creative community

transnational

slightly different than "intersectional"

multiple influences from different cultures

ska

accented upbeat

fast tempo

caribean styles

jamican independence movement

burru drumming

bass, fundeh, repeater

after abolishing slavery

dj’s mimin

rock steady

slower tempo

more active baseline

socially concious lyrics

rastarfarianism

jamaican religous movement

marcus garvet (black nationalist)

Halie SElassie (emperor of ethiopoia)

dreadlocks, marijuana as a sacrament

red, yellow, green

transnationalism

operating across national boundaries

BLM

2013 after treyvon martin death

protest to move streets

#notyourmascot

Online activism against stereotypes about Indigenous people

misrepresentation of Indigenous. people

form

narrative structure of the song

meter

grouping of the beat

timbre

tonal quality of the song

physical characteristics

popular music

difficult to define

fluid

pop music

conforms to standards

rythem

organization of short/long pulses ON TOP of BEAT

interseconality

multiple overlapping identies

selena

murdered by fan club president

Workingclass, relatable to personal struggles

-expanded audience for latin music

fandom helped solidify community

personal identity

how we see ourselves

community identity

memebership in social groups

external

how others see us

concrete jungle- bob marley

reggae style

anti-colonial protest

increase in producing jamican music hisotry

alright- kendrick lamar

hip hop, rap

Repetitive chorus allows for participation; sense of perseverance

performed during protest

BLM anthem

forward- beyonce

R & B, Hip Hop, Soul, Reggae

mentions mothers of trayvon martin, mike brown, eric gamer

creates psace for expressions of black womens innner lives

AbOriginal- frank waln

indgenuous/ native american hip hop

use of flute sound

counteacting sterotypes

showing positive images of people on reservations

prayer loop song

indgenuous/native american hip hop

critiqued for references to religion of colonizers

exemplifies complexity of indg experiences in modern world

looping, vocals, instruments

old town road

country rap

removed from country charts and billboards

gatekeeping country music

we shall over come protest

civil rights anthem

2 diff gospel songs

5 days after the murder of George Floyd

positions BLM as a continuous part of history

singing together as expression of solidarity

mpas- yeah yeah yeah

indie

not heavilly produced

simple vocals and lyircs

doesnt follow formal structure

emotional climax

rejection of mainstream asthetics

since youve been gone

pop

hevaily produced

layers vocals

catchy hook

lyrics with a story

verse chorus structure

made in america JAY Z

90s rap style timbre

positions itself within black american experience

made in america- toby keith

country

expresses relation to social class

bandjo - affrican origians