cell yourself

cells

the fundamental unit that makes up all living things

specialised cells

carry out a specific function

differentiation

process of cells being specialised for their job

phloem

living tissue that transports dissolved sugers

xylem

dead tissue that transports water and minerals

tissues

group of similar cells that work together to perform a task

organs

group of different tissues that work together to perform a function

organ system

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

components of animal cell

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

nucleus

controls cell

contains DNA

cell membrane

controls what exits and enters the cell

ribosomes

make protein

cytoplasm

where chemical reactions happens

mitochondria

respiration

components of a plant cell

cell wall,cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm

chloroplasts

green pigment

photsynthesis

vacuole

contains cell sap

contains water

what are the 5 kingdoms of living things

* Bacteria
* animals
* plants
* protists
* fungi

what are prokaryotes

don’t have a nucleus only bacteria is a prokaryote

what are eukaryotes

has a nucleus,

animals

plants

protists

fungi

what are the 7 life process.mrs grehn

Mrs Grehn

* Movement
* Reproduction
* Sensitivity
* Growth
* Respiration
* Excretion
* Homeostasis
* Nutrition

Movement

the action of a muscle

Reproduction

produce offspring

Sensitivity

respond to changes in the surroundings

Growth

increase in size or mass

Respiration

release of energy

Excretion

remove of waste products

Homeostatis

controlling of internal conditions

Nutrition

The taking in and use of food and other nourishing material by the body

cm to micrometres

1cm = 10,000 micrometres

mm to micro metres

1000 micrometers = 1 mm

micrometers to nanometres

1000 nanometers= 1 micrometer

gene

short section of DNA and is the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

stem cell

undifferentiated cell which can differentiate into other cells

light microscope

use light or lenses to form an image and magnify it

electron microscope

a microscope that uses electrons to form an image , allow us to see smaller subcellular particles like mitochondria and ribosomes unlike light microscope

magnification

how much bigger and image is compare to the actual size of the object

resolution

ability to distinguish between 2 points that are close together.

components of a light microscope

eyepiece lens, tube, objective lens, course focus, fine focus, arm, base, mirror, stage, stage clips, nosepiece

making slides(animal cells)

1. wipe the cotton bud on the inside of your cheek
2. rub the cotton bud on the centre of a clean slide(IMMEDIATELY PUT YOUR USED COTTON BUD IN DISINFECTANT)
3. put a small drop of methylene blue onto your cells to stain it(do not put to much)
4. using a mounted needle, lower the cover slip onto your cells, if done properly you will not get any air bubbles.
5. remove any excess methylene blue with a paper towel
6. view your slide on a microscope starting with the lowest magnification and focus your slide. once you have the slide in focus , rotate your objective lens to view the slide under a higher magnification.
7. draw a labelled diagram of your slide on both LOW MAGNIFICATION and HIGH MAGNIFICATION.

making slides(plant cell)

1. using tweezers, peel of the inside layer of a small piece of onion
2. place the onion skin on the centre of your glass slide
3. place a small drop of iodine onto your slide, this will stain the cells to enable you to view the different components of the cell
4. using a mounted needle, lower a coverslip onto the onion skin
5. remove any excess iodine with a paper towel
6. view your slide on a microscope starting with the lowest magnification and focus your slide. once you have the slide in focus , rotate your objective lens to view the slide under a higher magnification.
7. draw a medium power labelled diagram of your slide.

parts of a bacteria cell

cell wall, cytoplasm, plasmid, ribosomes, cell membrane, strand of DNA

equation for magnification

image zise/actual size

function of root hair cells

absorb water from the soil by osmosis. They absorb mineral ions by active transport