mod8 lipids, fatty acids, triglycerides

explain lipids:

group of compounds with different compositions and are insoluble in water, soluble in non-polar solvents

function of triglycerides:

energy storage

function of phospholipids:

cell membranes

function of steroids/bile salts:

emulsifying agents

function of hormones:

metabolism regulation

explain saponifiable lipids:

have ester functional group can be hydrolysed in basic conditions

explain non-saponifiable lipids:

can’t be hydrolysed and no ester functional group

examples of saponifiable lipids:

waxes

triglycerides

phospholipids

examples of non-saponifiable lipids:

prostaglandins

steroids

what are fatty acids:

long-chain carboxylic acids are building blocks for many liquids

how are fatty acids formed:

when a triglyceride is hydrolysed with base

explain structure of fatty acids:

have polar heads and non polar, so they are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

how do fatty acids in aqueous solutions:

like soaps by forming micelles

what are general features of fatty acids:

straight carbon chains

10-22 carbon chains

cis isomer is most common

saturated or unsaturated- depending on triglyceride

what are essential fatty acids:

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

must be consumed

explain physical properties of fatty acids:

MP and BP increase with chain length due to dispersion forces

MP and BP decrease as chains get more unsaturated

what are triglycerides made of:

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

explain triglycerides in animals and plants:

animals: solids at room temperature

plants: liquids at room temperature

name triglyceride reactions:

hydrolysis

saponification

hydrogenation

explain hydrolysis of triglycerides:

reaction in acidic solution, forms glycerol and 3 fatty acid chain

explain saponification of triglycerides:

reaction in basic solution, forms glycerol 3 fatty acid salts

explain hydrogenation of triglycerides:

reaction with catalyst, changes unsaturated chains into saturated chains

explain triglycerides when they enter the body:

emulsified by bile salts

enzyme breaks ester bonds, separating 3 fatty acids from glycerol

fatty acids transported to cells to provide energy

explain bile salts

have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends and act like soaps/detergents