Week 8 classwork (War and Peace in Ancient Civilizations)

What were the trade goods of Indian merchants?

Pearls, cotton cloth, black pepper, and manufactured items for spices and rare local goods from Southeast Asia.

What was the role of the Romans in Indian trade?

Romans built trading posts in southern India to trade directly for black pepper and other goods.

Impact of Ashoka's Kalinga War

Ashoka's war against Kalinga caused immense suffering, leading to his conversion to Buddhism and promotion of peaceful teachings.

'Dhamma' as taught by Ashoka

Ashoka referred to Buddhism as 'Dhamma', emphasizing moral living and kindness rather than conquest.

What were the main exports from India?

India's main exports included cotton cloth, black pepper, pearls, and gemstones, while importing horses and gold.

Why were the monsoon winds important for sailors?

Sailors relied on seasonal monsoon winds to navigate the Indian Ocean safely and reliably.

What was the family structure in India?

Wealthy families in India lived in patriarchal structures where authority resided with the oldest male.

What were the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita?

The Bhagavad Gita teaches that the soul is immortal, caste duties are important, and surrender to God leads to salvation.

What were the four proper goals of life in Hinduism

Dharma: obeying moral rules, Artha: earning a living, Kama: enjoying life, Moksha: achieving spiritual liberation.

What were the consequences of the Punic Wars?

The Punic Wars led to Roman control over the western Mediterranean and wealth from the conquered territories.

Describe Latifundia and social conflict in Rome

Latifundia were large estates worked by slaves, leading to economic problems and unrest among small farmers.

Ashoka's stone edicts purpose

Ashoka carved his laws on stone pillars to communicate his commitment to moral leadership and Buddhism to his subjects.

Which of the following were aspects of the Roman Republic? (Choose all that apply)

• Two consuls presided over the Senate and the army

• All male citizens were allowed to attend

• A slate of civic offices was elected each year

• Sovereign power resided in several assemblies

• Two consuls presided over the Senate and the army

• All male citizens were allowed to attend

• A slate of civic offices was elected each year

• Sovereign power resided in several assemblies

What was the real seat of power during the Roman Republic?

The Roman Senate

What sort of relationship tied individuals, families, politicians, and aristocrats together?

Patron/client

What religious texts are the foundation for Indian civilization?

The Vedas

The term "varna" translates to:

Color

What is the term for the subdivision of Indian groups beyond varna?

Jati (birth groups)

Who is Sidartha Gautama?

Buddha

What is the term for "new school" Buddhist thought?

Mahayana Buddhism

What is the term for observance of traditional Buddhist thought?

Theravada Buddhism

What event was triggered by the Ionian Revolt, an uprising of Greeks in Anatolia?

The Persian War

What league was formed in 477 BCE and eventually removed the Persians from the Mediterranean, thus freeing all Greeks?

Delian League

What was the name for the Greek's premier warship?

Trireme

Who were the main combatants in the Peloponnesian War?

Athens and Sparta

Who was the son of King Philip of Macedon?

Alexander III (Alexander the Great)

What is the name of the epoch ushered in by the conquests of Alexander the Great?

The Hellenistic Age

What is the name of the Roman Republic's first set of laws?

Twelve Tables

Who was the leader of the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War?

Hannibal Barca

Which of the following is a class in the system of varna? (Choose all that apply)

• Shudras (Serfs)

• Vaishyas (Peasants and merchants)

• Kshatriyas (Warriors and aristocrats)

• Brahmins (Priets)

Where did Buddha first announce his doctrine?

Deer Park of Sarnath

Which of the following are the Noble Truths? (Choose all that apply)

• Life is suffering

• Suffering arises from desire

• The solution to suffering lies in curbing desire

• Desire can be curbed if a person follows the “Eightfold Path”

The term "Bodhisattvas" translates to:

An enlightened being

Where did the Spartan "300" make their last stand?

Thermopylae

Who wrote a detailed history of the Peloponnesian War?

Thucydides