Animals and body temp

Ectotherm

____ Relies On The Environment, Including Soil, Sun, And Water, To Maintain Its Body Temperature

Endotherm

____ Relies On The Internal Generation Of Metabolic Heat To Maintain Its Body Temperature

Heterotherms, Poikilotherms

 ____ or ____ Vary Between Self-Regulating Body T0 And Relying On The Surrounding

Environment To Influence Body T0

Body T0 Regulation Varies Substantially In The Animal Kingdom

Endothermic, homeothermic

• Are You Ectothermic Or Endothermic?

• Are You Heterothermic Or Homeothermic?

Ectotherms

____ Use Environmental Heat Sources To Adjust Body T0

 Their Metabolic Rate And

Physical Activity Match Local

Environmental T0

 This Requires Fewer Calories To

Maintain Body T0

Ectotherms

Low T0 Habitats Are Challenging For ____

Difficultly Colonizing Cold Habitats

Limited Activity And Slow Response Times

Must Acclimate To Daily T0 Fluctuations Due To -

• Clouds

• Sunrise

• Sunset

Sunlight Dependence On Sunlight Limits Activity On

Cloudy Days And At Night

Behavior

____ Enables Ectotherms To Adjust Body T0

Bask In Direct Sunlight

Move To Cooler Or Warmer Local Habitats

Seek Shade

Body T0

____ Adjustment Reduces The Risk Of Infection

Infected Fish Swim To Warmer Waters

Sun-Warmed Refuges, Called Frog

Saunas, Help Amphibians Resist Lethal

Infection Due Pathogenic Chytridiomycosis

Fungi Species

Physiological

Ectotherms Rely On Some ____ Mechanisms To Adjust Body T0

Some Lizards Adjust Pigment Concentration In Melanophores In The Skin To -

• Absorb Heat

• Reflect Sunlight To Reduce Body T0

Aestivation (hibernation for extreme heat or dry conditions)

Some Ectotherms use ____ During Extreme T0

Aestivation During Dry and/or Hot Periods,

Also Called Summer Slumber, Can Last For

Days Or Seasons

Seasonal Or Years-Long Hibernation (~98%

Metabolic Rate Reduction)

Winter Brumation Is A Mild Dormancy In

Reptiles Induced By Reduced T0 And Short

Days

• Reduced Metabolism

• Reduced Physical Activity Includes Brief

Basking

• Typically, No Eating

Diapause

Some Invertebrates And Vertebrates Show ____

Embryos Enter Hibernation Under Harsh Conditions Including Stressful Seasons

• Harsh T0 Delays Embryonic Development

Endotherms

____ Rely On Internal Heat Generation To Maintain Body T0

The Advantages Of Endothermy Include -

• Ability To Colonize Colder Habitats

• Enhanced Immunity And Tissue Repair

• Faster Response Times

• Internal Reproduction And Live Birth

Endotherms

____ Face Challenges

They Require More Food (Calories) To Enable Internal

Heat Generation

Extreme T0 Fluctuations In The Environment May

Exceed Their Ability To Acclimate

Heat

Endotherms Evolved Traits To Retain ____

 Insulation Due To -

• Blubber

• Feathers

• Fur

Aquatic Endotherms

____ Evolved Heat-Retention Traits

Countercurrent Heat Exchangers Enable

Heat To Flow From Warm Blood In

Arteries To Cold Blood In Veins In The -

•Appendages Of Aquatic Birds And

Aquatic Mammals

•Fins, Gills, And Swimming Muscles Of

Some Fish Species