Grade 11 Life Orientation Notes

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Grade 11 Life Orientation notes across all four terms, including personal goal-setting, relationship dynamics, career qualifications and requirements, democratic governance, environmental health, and study methods.

What does each letter in the SMART goal-setting framework represent?

S: Specific (state exactly what you want to achieve, who is involved, and what is needed). M: Measurable (measure progress and achievement). A: Achievable (consider needed money, skills, and abilities). R: Realistic (be able and willing to work toward the goal). T: Time based (set a time limit to achieve the goal).

How are short-term, medium-term, and long-term goals differentiated in terms of timeframe?

Short-term goals are achieved in a short space of time, such as a week or a month (e.g., finishing a project over the weekend). Medium-term goals are targets to achieve within the next $6$ months. Long-term goals take a few years to achieve (e.g., becoming a doctor or engineer).

What are the five steps in the method for planning and goal-setting?

Step 1: Write down your goal. Step 2: Check to see if it is a SMART goal. Step 3: Make an action plan to achieve your goal. Step 4: Do it; carry out your action plan. Step 5: Evaluate if you have achieved your goal.

What are the six steps of the problem-solving process?

Step 1: Explain the problem (define it and say what it means). Step 2: Gather information about the problem. Step 3: List as many possible solutions as you can. Step 4: Make a table and write down your problems and solutions. Step 5: Think of the effects / consequences of each solution. Step 6: Choose the best solution.

How do formal relationships differ from casual relationships?

Casual relationships are with people you see often but are not close to like friends and family. Formal relationships are with people who are usually in a more senior position than yourself (e.g., teachers and elders).

What are examples of natural developments versus unexpected events that change relationships?

Natural developments: Moving to another area, meeting new people, health changes, new interests, getting older, and earning money. Unexpected events: Accidents, job loss, losing money, violent crime, war, death of a family member, death of a close friend, and separation and divorce.

What are the traditional gender expectations regarding masculinity and femininity described in the notes?

Masculine is associated with being dominant, strong, powerful, and rational. Feminine is associated with being submissive, weak, and emotional.

What are the primary differences in purpose and focus between a Higher Certificate, a Diploma, and a Bachelor's Degree?

Higher Certificate: Enables work in a specific industry (e.g., tourism), provides introductory knowledge and practical skills, focuses on workplace application, and gives credits for further studies. Diploma: Enables work in a specific profession (e.g., management), focuses on knowledge application and specialist knowledge, includes practical experience, and allows progression to a degree. Bachelor's Degree: Provides a broad education, focuses on principles, theory, and research, prepares for a professional career, and enables postgraduate study.

What are the three broad educational bands in South Africa?

1. General Education (GE): The first $9$ years of schooling.
2. Further Education and Training (FET): The final $3$ years of schooling OR completing a related certificate/diploma at a technical college.
3. Higher Education (HE): University-level studies that are usually theoretical in nature.

What are the minimum entrance age and legislative framework governing private FET colleges?

FET training can only be completed by people over the age of $16$. Private FET colleges register with the Department of Higher Education under Chapter $6$ of the Further Education and Training Colleges Act $16$ of $2006$.

How does the Admission Point Score (APS) convert percentage marks into scores?

Level $8$: $90 - 100\%$ ($8$ points) Level $7$: $80 - 89\%$ ($7$ points) Level $6$: $70 - 79\%$ ($6$ points) Level $5$: $60 - 69\%$ ($5$ points) Level $4$: $50 - 59\%$ ($4$ points) Level $3$: $40 - 49\%$ ($3$ points) Level $2$: $30 - 39\%$ ($2$ points) Level $1$: $0 - 29\%$ ($1$ point)

What are the minimum NSC pass requirements to qualify for admission to Bachelor's Degree study?

Pass the NSC with:

• One official language at Home Language level at $40\%$ or more.
• Four subjects from the designated list of subjects at $50\%$ or more.
• Two subjects at a minimum of $30\%$.
• English or Afrikaans passed at least at the First Additional Language level at $30\%$ or more.

What role does SAQA play in South African education?

The South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) regulates and sets standards across the education system, oversees the development and implementation of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), ensures all providers are registered and accredited, and ensures qualifications are internationally comparable.

What is the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS)?

NSFAS is South Africa's only public student loan scheme that assists academically deserving and financially needy students.

What is the difference between proportional representation and constituency-based representation?

Proportional representation: Political parties receive seats in parliament according to the percentage of votes they win in an election, and people vote directly for a party. Constituency-based representation: The country is divided into voting areas (constituencies), each represented by one member, and people vote for an individual candidate.

What are the five principles that define the rule of law?

1. A government that is accountable.
2. An absence of corruption.
3. Security, order, and fundamental rights.
4. An open government that enforces laws and regulations.
5. Access to justice.

What are the three distinct structures of government in South Africa and their core functions shown here?

1. National: Broad policy, legislation, and inter-provincial issues.
2. Provincial: Policy, legislation, and services.
3. Local: Services and by-laws.

Based on this diagram of South Africa's National Government, what are the composition requirements for the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP)?

The National Assembly consists of between $350$ and $400$ members elected for a period of $5$ years. The NCOP has $90$ delegates, with $10$ delegates representing each of the $9$ provinces.

What are the final three steps (Steps 10 to 12) in the South African law-making process?

Step 10: Parliament votes on the bill. Step 11: If approved, the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) considers the bill and can approve or reject it. Step 12: If approved by the NCOP, it is sent back to the National Assembly to be passed; it becomes law once signed by the President.

How are statutory rape and corrective rape defined in the notes?

Statutory rape: Sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of $16$, with or without her consent. Corrective rape: A hate crime committed with the intent to 'correct' or 'cure' individuals of their sexual orientation or gender identity, frequently targeting LGBTQ+ individuals.

What is femicide, and what are three forms it can take?

Femicide is the deliberate killing of women because they are women. It is rooted in misogyny and societal discrimination. Three forms include:

1. Intimate partner violence
2. Honor killings
3. Dowry-related deaths

What is heteronormativity?

Heteronormativity is the societal belief that heterosexual relationships and traditional gender roles are the default norm, which marginalizes and discriminates against non-conforming individuals, including the LGBTQI+ community.

What are the ill health risks of using rBST artificial hormones in dairy cows?

rBST stimulates milk production in cows but leads to mastitis and deformed calves. In humans consuming the milk, enhanced hormone levels are linked to breast and colon cancer.

What environmental hazards can result from the overexploitation of firewood?

Extinction of certain tree species, soil erosion due to lack of binding roots, loss of fuel for cooking/warmth, loss of shade, loss of bird habitats, invasion by alien plants, and accelerated global warming because fewer trees remain to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Why are low-GI foods recommended over simple sugars for healthy nutrition?

Low-GI foods have a slower, steadier effect on blood sugar levels because they break down slowly, providing sustained energy and a longer feeling of fullness, whereas sugar should not exceed one teaspoon per day.

What information should be structured in the three body paragraphs of a formal job application letter?

Paragraph 1: State the position/internship applied for, how you learned about it, and basic information/qualifications about yourself. Paragraph 2: Explain why you are interested in the employer, connect your qualifications to their needs, expand on your CV, and mention enclosed documents. Paragraph 3: Request an interview, reiterate passion for the role, offer to provide additional details, and thank the employer for consideration.

What are the five essential tips for managing effective meetings?

Tip 1: Begin with a purpose (state the meeting goals and objectives). Tip 2: Encourage open discussion (solicit input from everyone, including shy attendees). Tip 3: Press for closure (decide who will do what and by when before moving on). Tip 4: Summarize the main points (review action schedules and ensure agreement). Tip 5: Keep a record (distribute minutes in writing within $24\text{ hours}$).

What are the differences between skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled, and physical labour?

Skilled: Workers are highly trained and perform many complex tasks within their competence. Semi-skilled: Workers are trained for one specific job and typically assist skilled workers. Unskilled: Workers have little to no training and possess no special technical skills. Physical labour: Workers have no formal qualifications and perform manual tasks (e.g., digging trenches, offloading furniture, harvesting fruit).

According to this functional map of the brain, what cognitive processes are emphasized by the left hemisphere versus the right hemisphere?

Left Brain: Language, mathematical formulae, logic, numbers, sequence, linearity, analysis, and words of a song. Right Brain: Forms and patterns, spatial manipulation, rhythm and musical appreciation, images/pictures, imagination, daydreaming, dimension, and the tune of a song. (Connected by the corpus callosum).

What are the five sequential stages of the SQ3R study method?

1. Survey: Quickly glance over titles, headings, summaries, and figures to get an overview.
2. Question: Turn headings into questions before reading to arouse curiosity.
3. Read: Read actively under each heading to find the answer to your question.
4. Recite: State the answers out loud in your own words without looking at the text.
5. Review: Revisit notes weekly and summarize key points to consolidate memory.

In examination instructions, what is the key difference between 'compare' and 'contrast'?

'Compare' requires identifying both similarities and differences between two or more things, focusing primarily on their similarities. 'Contrast' requires focusing specifically on the differences between two or more things, showing them in direct opposition to each other.

What are the five basic ethical precepts of Buddhism?

1. Do not take life (neither a person's nor an animal's).
2. Do not steal.
3. Avoid wrong or harmful sensual activities.
4. Do not indulge in wrong speech.
5. Avoid drugs and alcohol.

Under South African law, which legislation provides women the legal right to terminate a pregnancy, and what moral dilemma surrounds it?

The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act No. $2$ of $1996$) grants women the right to decide whether to have an abortion. The dilemma balances the constitutional right to life against personal bodily autonomy and reproductive choice.