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Vocabulary flashcards defining and illustrating the types of letters (حروف کی اقسام) from the Urdu grammar lecture notes.
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Huroof-e-Tardeed (حروف تردید)
Letters or words used when choosing one option out of two options (e.g., ہویا, ہو کہ, خواہ, چاہے).
Examples of Huroof-e-Tardeed
Words such as 'ہویا', 'ہو کہ', 'خواہ', and 'چاہئے', used in sentences like 'امیر ہو یا غریب' (rich or poor) or 'خواہ سو جاؤ، خواہ کھیل لو' (whether sleep or play).
Huroof-e-Izrab (حروف اضراب)
Letters or words used to modify the meaning of a statement by making something high into low or low into high (adding or reducing meaning).
Example of Harf-e-Izrab
The word 'بلکہ' (balkeh) in the sentence 'وہ انسان نہیں بلکہ حیوان ہے' (He is not a human, but an animal).
Huroof-e-Tanbeeh (حروف تنبیہ)
Letters or words used for warning, alerting, or intimidating someone.
Examples of Huroof-e-Tanbeeh
Words such as 'خبر دار' (Khabardar), 'زنہار' (Zinhar), 'دیکھنا' (Dekhna), and 'سنو' (Suno), used in sentences like 'خبر دار ! جھوٹ بولنا بہت بُری عادت ہے'.
Huroof-e-Istijab (حروف استعجاب)
Letters or words used on occasions of wonder, surprise, or amazement (تعجب اور حیرانی).
Example of Harf-e-Istijab
The word 'اوہو' (Oho) in the sentence 'اوہو! اتنی بلند و بالا عمارت' (Oho! Such a tall building).