Geometric Bodies: Polyhedra and Round Bodies

Vocabulary flashcards covering regular polyhedra, round bodies, prisms, pyramids, and their geometric components based on the lecture notes.

Poliedros regulares

Regular polyhedra composed of identical regular polygonal faces, which include the tetraedro, cubo, octaedro, dodecaedro, and cosaedro (icosaedro).

Tetraedro

A regular polyhedron consisting of $4$ equilateral triangles (4\text{ tri\acute{a}ngulos equil\acute{a}teros}).

Cubo

A regular polyhedron consisting of $6$ squares ($6\text{ cuadrados}$).

Octaedro

A regular polyhedron consisting of $8$ equilateral triangles (8\text{ tri\acute{a}ngulos equil\acute{a}teros}).

Dodecaedro

A regular polyhedron consisting of $12$ pentagons (12\text{ pent\acute{a}gonos}).

Cosaedro

A regular polyhedron (icosahedron) consisting of $20$ triangles (20\text{ tri\acute{a}ngulos}).

Cuerpos geométricos

Three-dimensional geometric solids classified into two primary groups: poliedros (polyhedra) and cuerpos redondos (round bodies).

Poliedros

Geometric solids bounded by planar faces, categorized into poliedros regulares, prismas, and pirámides.

Cuerpos redondos

Three-dimensional geometric bodies with curved surfaces, which include the esfera, cilindro, and cono.

Esfera

A round geometric body (cuerpo redondo) defined by its radius and diameter.

Cilindro

A round geometric body (cuerpo redondo) characterized by circular parallel bases and a curved lateral surface.

Cono

A round geometric body (cuerpo redondo) having a circular base and tapering to an apex.

Diámetro

A linear measurement in a circle or round body defined by the formula \text{di\acute{a}metro} = 2 \times \text{radio}.

Prisma

A polyhedron consisting of bases (base), lateral faces (cara lateral), edges (arista), and vertices (vértice).

Pirámide

A polyhedron consisting of a base, lateral faces (cara lateral), edges (arista), vertices (vértice), and an apex (cúspide).

Cúspide

The top vertex or apex of a pirámide where the lateral triangular faces meet.

Cara lateral

The side surface or lateral face of a polyhedron, such as a prisma or a pirámide.

Arista

The line segment or edge formed where two faces of a polyhedron intersect.

Vértice

The point or corner where three or more edges (aristas) of a polyhedron meet.

Base

The bottom or foundational face of a three-dimensional figure such as a prisma or pirámide.