AP Biology Interphase & Mitosis

G1 phase

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

Go Phase (Cell Growth and Division)

A non-growing state distinct from interphase. Responsible for variations in length of the cell cycle between different types of cells.

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

S phase of interphase

chromosome replicate and DNA synthesizes

G2 phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

sister chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S phase of interphase.

Centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

kinetochore

A protein complex on the centromere where microtubules/spindle fibers attach to the sister chromatids

spindle fibers

help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only. Produces the spindle fibers.

G1/S phase checkpoint

checkpoint that *Hopefully* prevents cells with damaged DNA from entering S phase.

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin. New nuclear envelopes begin to form.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

cleavage furrow

The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell

cell plate

the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two

G2 checkpoint

asses if DNA replication has occured, go ahead signal triggers mitosis

M phase checkpoint

mitosis checkpoint to make sure spindle mechanism is secure, ready to initiate anaphase