CHEM 123 LAB - Week 2: Laboratory Safety Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from the CHEM 123 LAB Week 2 Laboratory Safety lecture transcript.

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Public Law 91-596, enacted by the U.S. Congress in $1970$, with the main goal of providing all employees with a safe work environment.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Federal organization authorized to conduct on-site inspections to determine whether an employer is complying with mandatory safety standards.

Blood-borne Pathogen Standard

OSHA standard regulating exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials in occupational settings through universal precautions, PPE, exposure control plans, decontamination, and HBV vaccination.

Hazard Communication Standard

OSHA regulation known as the Right to Know Law, requiring workplaces to evaluate chemical hazards and transmit safety information via written plans, MSDS, labeling, and training.

Universal Precaution (UP)

Infection control guideline instituted by the CDC in $1987$ that considers all patients as possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens and mandates gloves, face shields for splash hazards, and puncture-resistant sharps disposal.

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

Infection control guidelines modifying UP to consider all body fluids and moist body substances as potentially infectious, though notably lacking a recommendation for handwashing after glove removal unless visual contamination exists.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A major $15$-section technical reference document providing comprehensive safety, ingredient, exposure limit, reactivity, spill response, and handling information for hazardous materials.

OSHA Laboratory Standard

Standard designed to address shortcomings of the Hazard Communication Standard by requiring the appointment of a Chemical Hygiene Officer and the implementation of a Chemical Hygiene Plan.

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

A written laboratory program specifying engineering controls, PPE, safe work practices, administrative controls, and medical surveillance to protect workers from toxic chemicals, carcinogens, and teratogens.

Health Hazard Blue Diamond

The blue-colored quadrant of the NFPA hazard diamond rating health risks from $0$ (Normal Material) to $4$ (Deadly).

Fire Hazard Red Diamond

The red-colored quadrant of the NFPA hazard diamond rating flammability based on flash points, ranging from $0$ (Will not burn) to $4$ (Flash point below $73^\circ\text{F}$).

Reactivity Yellow Diamond

The yellow-colored quadrant of the NFPA hazard diamond indicating chemical stability and explosion potential, ranging from $0$ (Stable) to $4$ (May Detonate).

Specific Hazard White Diamond

The white-colored quadrant of the NFPA hazard diamond indicating special hazards such as ACID, ALK, COR, OXY, Radioactive, or Use No Water.

Republic Act 9003

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of $2000$ by DENR, specifying color-coded waste segregation: green (biodegradable), red (non-biodegradable/recyclable), blue (non-recyclable/residual), and black (special/hazardous).

Flash Point

The temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air.

Corrosive Chemicals

Chemicals with a $\text{pH} < 2$ or $\text{pH} > 12.5$ that cause direct tissue injury to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract upon contact, inhalation, or ingestion.

Carcinogens

Chemical agents capable of causing cancer, including OSHA-regulated substances like Benzene, Benzidine, and Vinyl chloride.

Mutagens and Teratogens

Chemical agents capable of causing chromosomal aberrations (mutagens) and congenital malformations (teratogens).

Acid/Base Spill Neutralizers

Neutralizing agents applied during spill cleanup after water dilution: Sodium bicarbonate for acids and Boric acid for bases.

Class A Fire

Fire involving ordinary combustible solid materials (wood, paper, cloth, plastic) extinguished using pressurized water or dry chemical extinguishers.

Class B Fire

Fire involving flammable liquids, gases, grease, gasoline, paints, and oils, extinguished using dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers.

Class C Fire

Fire involving energized electrical equipment, motors, and switches, extinguished using carbon dioxide, Halon, or dry chemical extinguishers.

Class D Fire

Fire involving combustible or reactive metals (magnesium, sodium, lithium, titanium, potassium), extinguished using Metal X or dry powder agents.

Class K Fire

Fire involving combustible cooking media such as oils and grease commonly found in commercial kitchens, requiring wet chemical extinguishers.

PASS

Acronym for fire extinguisher operation: Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, Sweep nozzle.

Transfer Pipette (Pasteur Pipette)

A usually disposable pipette used to transfer small, unmeasured quantities of liquid.

Serological Pipette

A plain, narrow tube pipette extending to a tip and graduated uniformly along its length.

Volumetric Pipette

A pipette featuring a large bulb with long narrow sections, designed to offer highly accurate single-volume measurements.

Automatic Pipette (Micropipette)

A precise measuring instrument used for small liquid volumes ranging between $1\,\mu\text{L}$ and $1000\,\mu\text{L}$.

Meniscus

The curve in the upper surface of a liquid column; read at the lower meniscus for clear liquids and upper meniscus for dark/opaque liquids.