kines sep

What are the three main goals of sport and exercise psychology?

To enhance performance, increase participation, and promote personal well-being.

What are the ABC's of sport and exercise psychology?

Affect (emotion), behavior, cognitions.

How do affect, behavior, and cognitions connect?

Emotions and cognitions affect behavior, and cognition and emotions affect each other.

Who began systematic research in sport psychology and when?

Coleman Griffith began in the 1920s.

When was sport psychology recognized as an academic subdiscipline of kinesiology?

In the 1960s.

What research methods are employed in sport and exercise psychology?

Questionnaires, interviews, observations, physical measures, biochemical measures, and content analysis.

What are the four fuels of motivation?

relatedness, autonomy, competence, enjoyment

What is arousal?

A state of bodily energy or physical and mental readiness.

What is anxiety in the context of arousal?

Anxiety occurs when arousal is too high and is interpreted negatively.

How can reframing help with performance?

Reframing helps individuals succeed by managing their perception of arousal.

What is stress?

The demand placed on a person.

What is burnout?

Burnout is too much stress with too little recovery.

What are the phases of burnout?

1. feelings of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion 2. negative moods and a negative change in responses to other people 3. feeling a lack of accomplishment, decreased performance, and decreased self-esteem 4. disillusionment with involvement

What are the various types of social influences on behavior?

group membership, cohesion, and social loafing

What are the various types of mental skills training?

imagery, attentional focus, and mindfulness

What jobs can you get related to sport and exercise psychology?

University researcher, professor, physical activity specialist, clinical counseling psychologist.

What is the difference between physical activity specialists and clinical psychologists?

Physical activity specialists focus on education and performance enhancement, while clinical psychologists provide psychotherapy and consultation.

inverted-u hypothesis

A theory that suggests there is an optimum level of arousal for an event that will result in the best performance.

group membership

We categorize ourselves as "in group" or "out group" and view our members in more favorable terms

Cohesion

groups stick together and remain united in pursuit of goals

social loafing

decrease in individual performance in a group due to the feeling of insignificance

imagery

using one's senses to create or recreate an experience in one's mind

guidelines for imagery

use as many senses as possible, use both internal and external perspectives, load the imagery with productive responses, "assume the position", practice daily

association

focus on the body

dissociation

distract from the body

choking

increase in arousal brought on by stress and pressure makes an individual more self-focused

Mindfulness

maintaining focus on the present moment in an open, nonjudgemental way