Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Stages, Inputs, and Outputs
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22 Terms
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-Dependent Reactions and Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Where do Light-Dependent Reactions occur?
In the thylakoids
What is the main input for Light-Dependent Reactions?
Sunlight and water (H2O)
What are the outputs of Light-Dependent Reactions?
Oxygen (O2), NADPH, and ATP
What is photolysis in the context of photosynthesis?
The splitting of water molecules into oxygen, electrons, and protons
What is the main function of NADPH in photosynthesis?
To carry electrons and hydrogen for the Light-Independent Reactions
Where do Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) take place?
In the stroma
What is the first step of the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon Fixation, where CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds
What enzyme is crucial for the Calvin Cycle?
Rubisco
What is the primary product of the Calvin Cycle?
Glucose (C6H12O6)
What are the two pathways for cellular respiration?
Anaerobic Respiration and Aerobic Respiration
What is the main difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces 2 ATP, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces about 36 ATP.
What are the two stages of Anaerobic Respiration?
Glycolysis and Fermentation
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP
What happens to pyruvate during fermentation?
It is converted into either ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid.
What is the role of oxygen in Aerobic Respiration?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is produced as a byproduct of Aerobic Respiration?
Water (H2O)
What is the role of the mitochondria in cellular respiration?
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, where pyruvate is processed to produce ATP.
What are the three stages of Aerobic Respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
What are the coenzymes involved in the Electron Transport Chain?
NADH and FADH2
What happens to H+ ions during the Electron Transport Chain?
They are moved into the outer mitochondrial compartment and then flow back through ATP synthase to produce ATP.
Why do we breathe?
To obtain oxygen needed for aerobic respiration to produce ATP.