Spanish 103 Topics Exam 2

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8 Terms

1
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What are reflexive verbs?

  • Verbs used when the subject performs an action on itself, requiring a matching reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os). Indicate that the subject and object are the same person.

  • Examples: 

    • Yo me lavo → I wash myself

    • Ella se despierta a las 7 am → She wakes up at 7 am

    • Nosotros nos bañamos con agua fría → We shower with cold water


2
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What are the two structures that indicate where you should place reflexive pronouns?

1. Immediately before a conjugated verb

  • Examples:

    • Me despierto a las seis.

    • No nos acostamos tarde.


2. In structures with an infinitive (e.g., tener que + infinitive; ir a + infinitive) or present progressive (estar + present participle), the pronoun can be placed either before the conjugated verb (a) or attached to the infinitive or present participle (b)

  • a: Me tengo que levantar temprano.

  • b: Tengo que levantarme temprano.


  • a: Marina se está divirtiendo.

  • b: Marina está divirtiéndose. (note: must add accent w/ estar)


3
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What are reciprocal verbs?

  • When two or more subjects perform an action on each other; the action is mutual (nos, os, se)

  • Examples: 

    • Nos ayudamos → We help each other

    • Se abrazaron → They hugged each other


4
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What is the present progressive?

  • Action that is currently happening

  • Estar conjugated + verb w/ ando/iendo

  • -AR: ando

  • -IR/ER: iendo

  • Examples: 

    • Estoy caminando

    • Estás comiendo.

  • Irregular verbs: 

    • Dormir = Durmiendo

    • Pedir = Pidiendo

    • Leer = Leyendo

    • Traer = Trayendo


5
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What are the 12 interrogative words?

  1. ¿Qué? = What?

  2. ¿Cómo? = How?

  3. ¿Cuándo? = When?

  4. ¿Por qué? = Why?

  5. ¿Quién/Quiénes? = Who?

  6. ¿De quién/quiénes? = Whose?

  7. ¿Cuál/Cuáles? = Which (one/ones)?

  8. ¿Cuánto/Cuánta? = How much?

  9. ¿Cuántos/Cuántas? = How many?

  10. ¿Dónde? = Where?

  11. ¿Adónde? = To where?

  12. ¿De dónde? = From where?


6
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What is the preterite tense?

  • Verbs that indicate the past tense

  • -AR verbs: -é/-aste/-ó/amos/asteis/aron for -AR verbs 

  • -ER/-IR verbs: -í/-iste/-ió/imos/isteis/ieron for -ER/-IR verbs

  • Irregulars: 

    • Ser/Ir (same): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron

    • Estar: estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron

    • Dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron

    • Ver: vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron

    • Hacer: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

  • -gar (g→ gu), -car (c→ qu), -zar (z → c) verbs change in only the yo form:

    • Jugué, llegué

    • Toqué, busqué

    • Abracé, almorcé

  • Leer and oír have changes in only the third person forms (él/ella/Usted) (ellos/ellas/Ustedes)

    • Leer → leyó and leyeron

    • Oír → oyó and oyeron


7
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Ser vs. Estar

Ser (permanent)

Estar (temporary)

Descriptions (names, physical traits)

Positions

Occupations

Locations

Characteristics (personality)

Actions

Time/Date

Conditions (physical state, weather)

Origins

Emotions (mood)

Relationships



8
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Saber vs. Conocer

  • Saber: Knowing facts, information, or skills

  • Conocer: Being familiar with people, places, or things