Chapter 4 - Socialization

Socialization

lifelong social learning, allow to become member of society, how taught about culture, reproduce social structures

Social structures

recurring patterns of social behaviour

Sanction

gesture used to reinforce social norms, positive or negative

Life course approach

development and life situation in relation to life history, examine how past event/experience shape who they are

social script

expected way of behaving depending role

Agent of socialization

responsible for socialization, person/group/institution, teaches roles/how to be member of society

Micro socialization

Sense of self, small group interaction, what symbolic interactionist focus

Macro socialization

cultural values, institution/systemic trends

Sense of self

stable understanding of one’s identity and who one is in relation to others

Primary socialization

children before school, learn values and norms, develop ideas of self, family as key agent (observation and mimicry), internalize unspoken rules (ex: gender roles)

Secondary socialization

children in school, learn knowledge and skill to take part in society, balancing norm between setting, peers/institions as agents

Home/Family as agents of socialization

early in life, primary, parental involvement central mechanisms, reciprocal process, reverse socialization occurs

Reverse socialization

children influence parents and help them learn/acquire some social skills (Ex: technology)

Reciporal process

both children and parent socialize eachother through their interaction

Elementary/high school as agents of socialization

learn how to negotiate social relations, interact with people who been socialized differently, should benefit everyone equally, not all children equally prepared (cultural capital/background), functionalist believe teaches how to be functioning member of society(social cohesion), conflict theorist believe taught class based values

Post-secondary education as agents of socialization

become learners/workforce ready, gain civic skills/critical thinking, social class predictor of likelihood to succeed (learn middle class culture),

Social capital

collective of one’s social network, wide variety of benefits gain from it

Upward social mobility

ability to move up social classes

Hidden injury of successful working class

Wolfgang Lehmann, difficult adjusting to uni, balancing work class identity with uni middle class

Workplace as agents of socialization

central site for adulthood, learn ethical standard/code of conduct

Mass media/social media as agents of socialization

across all life stages, reinforce/contest/create norms, expose to global content, complex peer networks at earlier age, enhance comparison and feedback seeking

The self

information about one (name/like/dislike/beliefs/value), always changing

Looking glass self

Charles H. cooley (symbolic interaction), concept of self develop from interaction and observation of others (how they react)

Data curation

carefully choosing how present online to other for impression management

Identity

unique combination of traits/values that make each person who they are, cannot easily choose, some label given by society (age/sex)