Physiology Lecture Practice Test 3: Sensory, Muscle, and Endocrine Systems

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering muscle, endocrine, and respiratory physiology concepts from Professor Zaidi-Merchant's Practice Test 3.

Calcitonin

A peptide, water-soluble hormone secreted by C cells that regulates blood calcium levels by binding to receptors on the target cell membrane.

Perimysium

The connective tissue membrane surrounding muscle fascicles.

Follicular cells

Thyroid cells that secrete thyroxine ($T_4$) and triiodothyronine ($T_3$) to regulate cellular metabolism.

C cells

Thyroid cells that secrete calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels.

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that regulates blood volume and prevents dehydration.

Treppe

The pattern of muscle contraction where a muscle fully relaxes before being restimulated and each subsequent contraction is stronger than the preceding one.

Anterior pituitary gland

The endocrine structure that secretes the hormone responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.

Somatostatin

A hormone that inhibits the secretion of pancreatic hormones and regulates appetite.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity

An enzymatic process whose increase is required for muscle relaxation by clearing acetylcholine.

Inhalation

The phase of ventilation during which intra-pulmonary pressure decreases and lung volume increases.

Inspiratory reserve volume

The volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled in excess of the normal tidal volume.

Carbonic anhydrase

The enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ into carbonic acid.

Pulmonary respiratory exchange

The gas exchange process in the lungs where $CO_2$ is unloaded from red blood cells and $O_2$ is loaded onto red blood cells.

Acidosis

A physiological condition characterized by decreased blood pH resulting from low oxygen levels and elevated $CO_2$ levels.

Alveoli

The functional anatomical structures of the respiratory system where the exchange of gases occurs.

Alveolar type I cells

The specific respiratory cells in the lungs primarily responsible for gas exchange.