Memory AP Psych

Attention

The cognitive process of selectively focusing on specific information while ignoring other stimuli.

Encoding

The process of converting sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory.

Sensory Memory

A very short-term storage of sensory information, lasting only a few seconds.

Short Term Memory

A limited capacity memory system that holds information for a brief period, usually up to 30 seconds.

Long Term Memory

A memory system with unlimited capacity that stores information for extended periods, potentially for a lifetime.

Levels of Processing

A theory that suggests deeper levels of processing lead to more durable memory retention.

Semantic Processing

The encoding of meaning and connections to information, providing a deeper understanding.

Elaborative Rehearsal

A memory technique that involves linking new information to existing knowledge through meaningful connections.

Chunking

A method of improving short-term memory by grouping information into larger, manageable units.

Working Memory

A type of short-term memory that involves active processing and manipulation of information.

Explicit Memory

Memories that can be consciously recalled, such as facts (semantic) and personal experiences (episodic).

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memories for skills and tasks, such as how to ride a bike or tie shoelaces.

Priming

The activation of specific associations in memory, influencing responses and retrieval.

Context-Dependent Memory

The phenomenon wherein retrieval of information is improved when in the same context as when it was learned.

State-Dependent Memory

The improved retrieval of memories when an individual is in the same physical or emotional state as when the memory was encoded.

Autobiographical Memory

A subtype of explicit memory involving recollections of personal experiences and events.

Recall

A retrieval process that involves retrieving information from memory without cues.

Recognition

A retrieval process that involves identifying previously learned information with cues.

Neural Pathways

The connections between neurons that are strengthened through repeated activation, influencing memory and learning.

Recency Effect

The tendency to remember the most recent information presented better than earlier information.