Origin, insertion, function of muscles

Semimembranosus origin

caudal vertebrae, sacrosciatic ligament, ischial tuber

Semimembranosus Insertion

medial distal femur, medial proximal tibia

Semimembranosus function

extends hip and stifle when weight bearing, flexes stifle when lifted

Digital flexor origin

muscles/tendons along caudal/plantar surface of limb

Digital flexor insertion

phalanges

Digital flexor function (pelvic limb)

flex hock and digits

Pterygoideus origin

pterygoid bone

Pterygoideus insertion

medial surface of mandible

Pterygoideus function

side to side jaw movement

Obliquus internus abdominis origin

tuber coxae and ligaments

Obliquus internus abdominis insertion

caudal ribs, linea alba, pelvic rim

Obliquus internus abdominis function

ventral to cranial, compress viscera, forms cremaster

Rectus abdominis origin

sternum and costal cartilages

Rectus abdominis insertion

pelvic brim (prepubic tendon to pubis)

Rectus abdominis function

compress viscera, flex spine

diaphragm origin

xiphoid process, lower ribs

diaphragm insertion

central tendon of diaphragm

diaphragm function

inspiration on contraction, expiration on relaxation

External intercostal origin

rib to rib intercostal spaces

External intercostal insertion

rib to rib intercostal spaces

External intercostal function

ventral to caudal, inspiration

Rhomboideus origin

ligaments of dorsal midline

Rhomboideus insertion

medial side of scapular cartilage

Rhomboideus function

synsarcosis, lifts neck, lifts/advances scapula

Pectoralis superficialis/transversus origin

sternum and cranial costal cartilage

Pectoralis superficialis/transversus insertion

medial humerus, fascia of forearm

Pectoralis superficialis/transversus function

adduction of thoracic limb

infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus function

stabilization and flexion of shoulder

biceps brachii origin

supraglenoid tubercle

biceps brachii insertion

cranial aspect of proximal radius and ulna

biceps brachii function

elbow flexion, shoulder extension

Triceps brachii origin

caudal border of scapula, proximal humerus

Triceps brachii insertion

olecranon process

Triceps brachii function

elbow extension, shoulder flexion

Quadriceps femoris origin

proximal femur, body of ilium

Quadriceps femoris insertion

patella

Quadriceps femoris function

extension of stifle

Tensor fasciae latae origin

tuber coxae

Tensor fasciae latae insertion

fascia lata

Tensor fasciae latae function

flexion of hip, extension of stifle

Gluteus medius origin

wing of ilium, tuber coxae, sacrum, sacrosciatic ligament

Gluteus medius insertion

greater trochanter of femur

Gluteus medius function

extension of hip

sartorius origin

ilium

Sartorius insertion

fascia of stifle

Sartorius function

flexion of hip, extension of stifle

Auricular Muscles origin

skull

Auricular Muscles insertion

ear cartilage

Auricular Muscles function

movement of ears

Orbicularis oculi origin

ligaments around the eye

Orbicularis oculi insertion

ligaments around the eye

Orbicularis oculi function

close eye, sphincter

Orbicularis oris origin

angle of mouth, midline of mandible and maxilla

Orbicularis oris insertion

skin of lips

Orbicularis oris function

close mouth, lip prehension, sphincter

Levator nasolabialis origin

frontal and nasal bones

Levator nasolabialis insertion

upper lip, outer nostril rim

Levator nasolabialis function

lift lip, dilate nostril

caninus origin

canine fossa, facial crest of maxilla

caninus insertion

later border of upper lip and nostril

caninus function

flare nostril

Levator labii superioris origin

lacrimal bone

Levator labii superioris insertion

upper lip

Levator labii superioris function

elevates upper lip, flehmen response

Zygomaticus origin

facial crest of zygomatic bone

Zygomaticus insertion

lateral angle of mouth

Zygomaticus function

move lip, retract lateral corner of mouth

Buccinator origin

outer surface of alveolar process (above molars) of maxilla and mandible

Buccinator insertion

merges with orbicularis oris

Buccinator function

form cheek wall, move food away from cheek

masseter origin

zygomatic arch

masseter insertion

lateral surface of mandible

masseter function

main mastication muscle, close jaw

Temporalis origin

temporal fossa

Temporalis insertion

lateral surface of mandible

Temporalis function

close jaw

Digastricus origin

base of caudal skull, temporomandibular joint

Digastricus insertion

coronoid process of mandible

Digastricus function

open jaw

mylohyoideus origin

transversely between rami of mandible

mylohyoideus insertion

floor of oral cavity

mylohyoideus function

elevate floor of mouth and tongue

genioglossus origin

rostral mandible

genioglossus insertion

base of tongue

genioglossus function

protrude tongue

hyoglossus origin

hyoid apparatus

hyoglossus insertion

caudal base of tongue

hyoglossus function

retract tongue

Obliquus externus abdominis origin

ribs

Obliquus externus abdominis insertion

pelvic brim, linea alba

Obliquus externus abdominis function

ventral to caudal, compress viscera

Transversus abdominis origin

caudal ribs, lumbar vertebrae

Transversus abdominis insertion

linea alba

Transversus abdominis function

compress viscera

Internal intercostal origin

rib to rib intercostal spaces

Internal intercostal insertion

rib to rib intercostal spaces

Internal intercostal function

ventral to cranial, expiration

trapezius origin

ligaments of dorsal midline