Prostate Anatomy and Function

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the anatomy, function, and clinical significance of the prostate gland, as well as associated conditions.

Prostate

A retroperitoneal gland located inferior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum, playing a key role in semen production.

Exocrine Gland

A gland that secretes substances through ducts to an epithelial surface; the prostate is an example, secreting fluid that constitutes part of semen.

Peripheral Zone (PZ)

The outermost and largest zone of the prostate, consisting of approximately 70% of glandular tissue, and the most common site for prostate cancer.

Central Zone (CZ)

A zone of the prostate that surrounds the ejaculatory ducts, constituting about 25% of the gland. Cancers in this zone are serious but less common.

Transitional Zone (TZ)

The smallest zone of the prostate, surrounding the prostatic urethra, and responsible for many symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate.

Anterior Fibromuscular Stroma (AFS)

A component of the prostate that contains muscle and connective tissue, but lacks functional glandular tissues.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

A protein produced by the prostate; elevated levels in blood can indicate prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland, common in aging men, leading to urinary symptoms.

Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)

A technique used to visualize the prostate for evaluation and biopsy, utilizing a transducer inserted into the rectum.

Prostatitis

An inflammation of the prostate that can be caused by infection or can be idiopathic, presenting varying clinical symptoms.