Normal Microbita

What is the difference between microbiota and microbiome?

Microbitoa refers to microbes residing in a specific microhabitat (skin) whereas microbiome is microbes on all sites on a human

GNOTOBIOTIC ORGANISM?

AN ORGNAISM IN WHICH ALL PRESENT MICROBIAL SPECIES ARE KNOWN OR ONE THAT IS ENTIRELY GERM FREE

OPPURTUNISITC PATHOGEN ?

MEMBRANE OF THE NORMAL MICROBIOTA THAT CAUSES DISEASE ONLY UNDER SPECIFIC CONDITIONS- LOWERED RESISTANCE

WHEN ENTITY CONSITUTES THE MOST ABUNDANT PORTION OF THE HUMAN VIROME ACROSS MUCOSAL BODY SITES?

BACTERIOPHAGES WHICH OUTNUMBER ANIAL VIRUSES AND EXIST AT CONCENTRATIONS UP TO 20 TIMES HIGHER THAN BACTERIA ON LUNG AND INTESTINAL MUCOSA

PRIMARY GOAL OF THE HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT ?

TO RESEARCH THE FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN MICROBIOME AND ESTABLSH A BASELINE STANDARD FOR HEALTHY HUMAN MICROBIOMES

WHEN DOES HUMAN MCIROBIAL COLONIZATION BEGIN AND WAHT TYPES OF MCIROBIAL TYPICALLY COLONIZE FIRST?

BEGINS AT BIRTH (MOTHER TO INFANT TRASNFER; EARLY COLONIZERS ARE PRIMARY FACUALTIVE ANAEROBES THAT SYNTHESIZE VITAMINS)

WHY DO BREASTFED INFANTS HARBOR A HIGHER PROPORTION OF COMMENSA GUT BACTERIA?

BREAST MILK CONTAINS OLGIOSACCHARDIES THAT SELECTIVELY PROMTTE THE COLONZATION OF COMMENSAL BACTERIA

WHAT MICROBIAL SHIFT IS CHARACTERSITC OF AGING AND FRATILITY IN HUMAN POPULATIONS

DECREASE IN OVERALL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY WITHIN THE GUT BIOME

WHICH BACTERIA PHYLA PREDOMINATE IN THE GASTRIC FLUID VERSUS THE MUCUS LAYER OF A HEALTHY HUMAN STOMACH

GASTRIC FLUID : FIRMICUTES, BACTEROIDETES AND ACTINOBACTERIA

mucus layer: FIRMICUTES AND PROTEOBACTERIA

WHICH 3 BACTERIAL PHYLA ACCOUNT FOR APPROX 98% HUMAN GUT PHYLOYTYPES?

FIRMICUTES, BACTERIODETES, PROTEOBACTERIA

WHAT MICROBIAL IMBALANCE (DYSBIOSIS) IS COMMONLY OBSERBED IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS COMPARED TO LEAN INDIVDUALS?

PREVOTELLA AND METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA

HOW DOS ALCTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS MAINTAIN A HEALTHY VAGINAL MICROBIOME

FERMENTS GLYCOGEN INTO LACTIC ACID , CREATING A WEAKLY ACIDIC ENVIROMENT THAT INHIBIT PATHOGEN GROWTH

distinguish probiotics , prebiotics, synbiotics

probiotics are live benefical organisms

prebiotcs are indigestible carbohydrates providing nutrient support

synbitotics combine both

WHAT MECHANISM ALLOWS FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION TO TREAT RECURRENT C.DIFF infections

REINTRODUCING A DIVERSE NORMAL MICROBITA RESTORES COMPETIVE EXCLUSION TO OUTCOME SPORE FORMING C.DIFFICILE

WHAT IS THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INFECTION AND DISEASE ?

INFECTION IS THE GROWTH AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A MICROORGANISM IN A HOST (WITH OR WTHOUT HARM) WHEREAS DISEASE IMPLIES HOST DAMAGE OR FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A DISEASE VECTOR AND A FOMITE

VECTOR-IS A LIVING ORGANISM THAT TRANSMITS A PATHOGEN

FOMITE-IS AN INANIMATE OBJECT THAT HARBORS AND TRANSMITS A PATHOGEN

WHAT IS THE INCUBATION PERIOD OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE

THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN INITAL MICROBIAL INFECTION AND THE ONSET OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS