adolescent exam 3

traditional cultures

is pregnancy outside of marriage more positive in traditional or developed countries?

reasons for inconsistent protection use - especially under 15

unplanned and infrequent sex, lack of cognitive development (doesn’t think it can happen to them or developing ability to anticipate consequences), believe it affects mood or pleasure

the uk is more accepting than many other places

what society is more accepting of sexuality?

the society they are from are permissive (abortions) or adamantly forbid it

Why do the countries with low pregnancy birthrates have low birth rates?

less

teens believe that they are ___ likely to get pregnant within 2 years of menarche

2 & 1, ovulation

women are most fertile __ days before _ _____

up to 6 days

How long does sperm live in a womans body?

more access to contraceptives and people are more open to using them as well

why has there been a decrease in teen pregnancies?

59%

how many active teens report using contraceptives, effectively?

in a relationship, do well in school, and are in their later teen years

teens are more likely to use a contraception if they are…

denmark and sweden

what countries have the lowest teen pregnancy rates?

true

T/F: The countries with the lowest teen pregnancy rates have the highest abortion rates

teen pregnancy rates in america

30% end in abortion, 14% end in miscarriage, and 5% are put up for adoption

decline in sexual activity in teens, increased used of condoms, increase in the programs of sex ed

what effects the decline in teen pregnancies?

consequences of early motherhood

higher risk of pregnancy and delivery problems, twice as likely to drop out of school, less likely to attend college, less likely to get married, more likely to get divorced

resilience! support from family, boyfriend whose family helps and has a strong will to suceed

what accounts for success in young mothers?

consequences of early fatherhood

more likely to get divorced, to have low level of education, low paying job, to use drugs and alcohol, to violate the law

consequences of early parenthood on the child

low birth weight, more likely to be born early, delinquency more likely, early sexual activity, have two people present allows for better outcomes

abortion

mothers feel guilty and emotional distress, parental notification or parental consent, dont want to talk about it because of the guilt

unintended pregnancy in emerging adulthood

abortion and single motherhood higher in 20s, pregnancy not intended but also not avoided, little knowledge of BC and condoms, half of non-marital births are to cohabitating couples, peak for unintended pregnancies

three times more likely to split up by the time the child is 5

how does having a child affect non-married couples living together?

being infertile

what weird thing do 47% of men think they are?

comprehensive sex education

gives age appropriate medically accurate information, give on all sorts of options: contraception, abstinence, protection from STI’s, contains easy access to BC

abstinence only programs

teach dont have sex, they are not effectvie

abstinence plus programs

delay intercourse, provide contraceptive information

research on abstinence plus programs

showed some positive effects with delay of initiation and on increasing contraceptive use

research on abstinence only programs

do not have an effect on delaying sexual activity

research on sex education

growing on physio, body parts, how they work, and how to protect themselves has ltitle effect on the use on contraception, frequency of intercourse, and communication with parents

very few programs provide little effect on sexual behavior

research on comprehensive sex ed

shows promise, 2/3 show strong positive effects on delay of intiation of sex and on increasing contraceptive use

STI - asymptomatic

when you contract you dont always have symptoms and then dont know whenever you have it

STI - latency period

time where you have it, but it is not active/contagious/showing

herpes

can have it for years without knowing, fluid filled blisters or bumps that go through a cycle, outbreak occurs 2-4 weeks after you get it

no, but there are meds to manage the symptoms

is there a cure for herpes?

symptoms of herpes

flu like symptoms at first, pain when urinating, onset of blisters as tingly/itchy

chlamydia

lead to one of the leading causes of female infertility, second most common STI, bacterial infection

most likely between 15-24, since 66% are between those ages

what is the likely age to get chlamydia?

symptoms of chlamydia

burn when peeing, disuria, pain during intercourse, pain in your lower abdomen, vaginal discharge, men = sweel

yes, since it is a bacterial infection

Can chlamydia be cured?

the baby can have chlamydia and can cause blindness for the baby if you give birth with it

how does chlamydia affect mothers?

HIV

transmitted through bodily fluids, high rates in homelessness, homosexual or bisexual, African Americans, and those living in urban areas, can carry this before it becomes AIDS

can be around 5 years

how long is the latency period for HIV?

it was the leading cause of death between 25-40

how severe was HIV in the 90s?

progression of HIV

can be identified in 6 weeks, Flu like symptoms during latency period, AIDS can appear within years

Africa

Where are 90% of the world cases of HIV?

ART

people who start this treatment for HIV can live 10 extra years beyond their expectation

HPV

asymptomatic infection or general warts, human papillomavirus, most common STI, can catch this through any kind of sex

risks of HPV

cancer of the cervix, throat, vagina, vulva, and men parts

symptoms of HPV

genital warts, flu like symptoms

syphilis

old, bacteria, how Napoleon died, certain phases, cannot survive outside the body, catch this during sex

first sign/phase of syphilis

lasts 2-12 weeks, very contagious, get a sore

second sign/phase of syphilis

bumpy rash and flu like symptoms, 1-6 months, very contagious

latency period of syphilis

bones, organs, heart, etc. all being effected

last stage of syphilis

brain issues, blindness, mental health issues, can be transmitted to infants

the tuskegee syphilis study

what is the biggest, skechiest study with STI in history?

sexual harassment

threatening or aggressive behaviors related to sexual behaviors, leering looks, unwanted touching and sexual contact

sexual assault

legal tern, unwanted due to verbal pressure, alcohol, or physical force, verbal consent not provided

secondary schools and the US

arouns 90% of 14-17 year olds in school

developing countries and high school

education is for urban middle class, only 25% in developing countries go to college, 60% in developing countries go to high school

past curriculum

broad liberal arts education, focused on work training, focus on citizenship

curriculum - now

comprehensive high school, college prep route, trying to go back toward offering opportunities: culinary track, welding, education toward noncollege tracks, common core: attempt to make the states all ahve the same standard of edcuation

public education is funded by the states through…

property taxes

depends on what you want for your kid: kids are more likely to go to extra circular activities

is a smaller school better?

depends : they feel less attachment, diversity of students

is a larger school the better?

positives and negatives to both, best school size: 500-1000

does size of the school matter?

class size

depends on the students, for those with academic difficulties - smaller is better, around 40 is good

california school

passed a law that high schools cant start earlier than 8:30, teenagers shift toward eveningness, academic achievement increased and awakeness, get more sleep and better wellbeing

school climate

quality of interactions between teachers and students, including how teachers interact with students, the expectations they have, and what methods they use in their class. Better whenever teachers are involved and strict with limits

Michael Rutter’s research on school climate

students better off whenever teachers are supportive and involved, yet apply firm discipline when needed

4 dimensions of climate in schools

safety, relationships, teaching and learning, and institutional environment

school climate - safety

physical and emotional

school climate - relationships

respect, connection, and belonging

school climate - teaching and learning

engagement and support

school climate - institutional environment

how clean it is, orderly it is, how well things are done

effect favorable school climate

lower levels of depression, higher levels of motivation, increases in attendance, increases in achievement, decrease for delinquency, positive in academic, behavioral, and social emotioal

promote engagement in school

quality of being psychologically committed to learning, alert and attentive, student side

decreases in delinquency and increases achievement

how does the dedication of the teacher affect school students?

positive

what is the correlation between family socioeconomic status and grades?

positive

what is the correlation between socioeconomic status and highest level of education gained?

family characteristics that contribute to achievement

Middle-class parents have higher IQ, better nutrition, better health care, less stress, and use an authoritative parenting style

asian americans and academic achievement

strong emphasis on educational achievement, believe success is due to effort, more likely to have academically oriented friends

African American and Latino with academic achievement

more likely to live in poverty, believe they can succeed in a career without achievement

immigrant paradox

people who are first generation in America have better success than ones who are from the same ethnic group born in the US`

extremes of achievement

precocity, independence , drive for mastery, excellence in information processing

AP classes, socially isolated in regular classrooms

learning disabilities

reading, language, and math, correlates with social and emotional difficulties

ADHD

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

more common in boys, usually prescribed medication

adolescents who drop out of high school

boys are more likely, 5% ____ by 24, 25% ___ but get their highset,

possible causes of adolescents who drop out

school problems: low grades or repeated, personal characteristics: aggressive or learning disabilities, family factors: low income or parents dropped out, and school characteristics: unsupportive teachers or large school

characteristics of adolescents who dropped out

more likely to have repeated a grade, more likely to have other problems, more likely to dislike school, more likely to have a learning disability

dropouts is 35% lower

what is the wage gap between dropouts and high school grads?

yes, single

does the number of parents effect the dropout rates?

alternative schools

take students who are at risk of dropping out

three factors of alternative schools

care and concern from an adult who can make a difference (resilience), low student teacher ratio (closer student-teacher relationship), and starts addressing the problem in middle schedule

characteristics of college students

66% of high school grads, women more likely, Asian Americans likely ethnic group, shift in the degree path based on economy, currently takes 5 to 6 years to obtain a bachelors

around 40% drop out

what is the educational success in college?

business, health professions, social science and history, engineering, psychology, and biological and biomedical science

60% of college graduates graduate in 6 fields, what are they?

benefits of college

social confidence, majority of students say they had favorable experiences, make 60% more with a degree, lower unemployment rate, intellectual benefits, and develop a more distinct identity

motivations for a gap year

break from formal education, gain broader perspective in life, set goals = successful, develop personal skills, earn money, experience other people, places, cultures, do some good in the world

adolescent work in traditional cultures: three areas that continue to be important

hunting, fishing, and gathering; farming and care of domestic animals; childcare and child care and household work

international labor oragnization

estimate there are 160 million adolescents working worldwide, 95% are in traditional cultures

adolescent work in traditional cultures

three areas that are important, international labor organization, get very low wages, work more dangerous jobs, some countries believe in debt bondage, commercial sex exploitation, and forced by violent means to work