midterm 3

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5 Terms

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Please find one best match from the list. Each answer will be used only once. (6 pts)

_____ The enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA.

_____ The enzyme that removes incorrect bases as part of

proofreading.

_____ The enzyme that adds specific amino acids to tRNA.

_____ The organelle where protein synthesis occurs.

_____ Segment of mRNA that binds to the 16S rRNA and properly

aligns mRNA on the ribosome.

_____ Sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a single

amino acid.

_____ A transient component of RNA polymerase that binds to the

promoter during transcription in Bacteria.

A. Shine–Dalgarno

sequence

B. Helicase (DnaB)

C. Primase (DnaG)

D. Codon

E. Peptidase

F. DNA Polymerase

G. RNA polymerase

H. Endonuclease

I. Exonuclease

J. Ribosome

K. aminoacyl-tRNA

synthetase

L. Protease

M. Sigma fa

  1. G. RNA polymerase — synthesizes RNA from DNA

  2. I. Exonuclease — removes incorrect bases during proofreading

  3. K. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase — attaches specific amino acids to tRNA

  4. J. Ribosome — where protein synthesis occurs

  5. A. Shine–Dalgarno sequence — binds 16S rRNA and aligns mRNA

  6. D. Codon — three-nucleotide mRNA sequence coding for an amino acid

  7. M. Sigma factor — temporarily binds RNA polymerase and helps it recognize the promoter in bacteria


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Replication Steps

Bacteria

  1. initiation @ori

  2. from replication bubble

  • Helicase (unwinds DNA double)

  • SSB (binds to single)

  • Primase (synthesize short RNA)

  1. ter

Eukaryote

  1. initation @multiple ori

  2. multiple bubble

  3. telomere



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Transcription steps

bacteria

  1. initiation (Promoter)

  2. elongation (5 to 3)

  3. termination

  • rho in/dependent

Archaea sim to bacteria in all things, except diff from bac/eukaryote plasma mem

Eukaryote

  • TFP

  • RNAp 3 versions

  • Ter complex

Archaea

  • TATA box

  • TFM

  • polycistronic


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Eukaryotic pre-translation RNA processing

  1. capping - cap @ 5end

  2. Poly A tailing - add to 3’ end

  3. Splicing - remove introns, combine extrons

happens in nucleus, only mature mRNA can pass from nucleus to cyto




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Translation steps

Sim all 3

  • codon AUG / UAA UAG UGA

  • tRNA —> AA (peptide bond)

  • ORF = 1 gene each

  1. intiation @RBS

  • PRO=shine dalgano sequence —> next AUG

  • EUK=5’cap —> first AUG

  1. elongation - peptide bond

  2. term @ stop codon