Femur, Hip, SI Joint Anatomy

longest and strongest bone in body

femur

patella and knee joint relationship?

patella is ½ above knee joint

medial and lateral femoral condyles relationship?

medial lower 5-7 degrees than lateral condyle of femur

radiographic hip

iliac crest to proximal femur

• INCLUDES ILIAC, ISCHIUM, PUBIS, HIP JOINT, PROXIMAL FEMUR

joints

symphysis pubis - pubis bones join connected by interpubic disk

hip joint (ball and socket)

sacroiliac joint

fovea capitis

ligamentum teres holds the femur in the hip socket ; dimple in femur head

intertrochanteric crest

only on posterior side

connects greater and lesser trochanter

Body of femur in relation to vertical line

diff of 5-15 degrees

neck to shaft of femur

angle of 125 degrees

Neck of femur projects ?

anteriorly 15-20 degrees

hip bones

2 hip bones

ossa coxae/innominate bones

formed by 2 ilium, 2 ichium, 2 pubis

DOESNT INCLUDE SACRUM AND COCCYX

pelvic girdle

the 2 ossa coxae / innominate bones

(ilium, ischium, pubis)

acetabulum

ilium, ischium, and pubis meet here

socket of hip joint, head of femur sits here

bony landmarks on pelvis

greater trochanter (level of symphysis pubis)

iliac crest

anterior superior iliac spine ASIS

ischial tuberosity

greater vs lesser sciatic notch

greater sciatic notch = part of ilium

lesser sciatic notch = part of ischium

ischium

broken into 2 major parts: body (upper and lower) AND ramus (curved bone)

ischial spine can be demonstrated in?

AP pelvis

ischial spine on posterior side of pelvis

ischial tuberosity

butt bone

rough surface for muscle attachment of glutes and hamstrings

pubis major parts

body (1)

rami (2 - superior and inferior)

obturator foramen

3 rami total = form ring

Superior and inferior rami of pubic bone

Rami of ischium

true pelvis

lesser pelvis

pelvic brim (from superior portion of symphysis pubis to superior prominent portion of the sacrum)

false pelvis

greater pelvis

surrounding bone surface of true pelvis

plane of inlet

imaginary line from top of pubic symphysis to promontory of sacrum

plane of outlet

imaginary line from ischial tuberosity to tip of coccyx

birth canal

baby travels from plane of inlet to plane of outlet

gender differences in pelvis main categories

general shape

angle of pubic arch

shape of inlet

general shape of pelvis f vs m

F = wider, shallow, more flared

M = narrow, deep, less flared

angle of pubic arch f vs m

F = angle greater than 90 degrees (obtuse)

M = less than 90 degrees (acute)

shape of inlet f vs m

F = more round, larger 

M = more oval, heart shaped 

pelvis internal rotation feet 15-20 degrees

lesser trochanters not visible

neck of femur in profile

pelvis external rotation feet

lesser trochanters in profile

pelvis anatomical position feet

lesser trochanter visible

pelvis asymmetrical rotation

possible hip fx

affected limb has lesser trochanter in profile (bc leg externally rotated)

femoral neck localization methods (2)

1. 1-2 inches medial from ASIS THEN 3-4 inches distal from ASIS

2. feel for greater trochanter (symphysis pubis) and ASIS, line between these two, head of femur is 1.5 inches below midpoint of this line, neck of femur is 2.5 inches below this line

no rotation of pelvis

wings and obturator foramina symmetrical

rotation of pelvis

wing of ilium will be rounder on side of rotation (closer to IR) (smaller/narrow side elevated)

obturator foramen smaller on side of rotation (opposite side opens up)

AP vs PA pelvis

ap = more round, mickey ears

pa = bat ears, sharper