Histology Prelab - Respiratory System

Upper and lower respiratory tracts

Anatomically, what are the divisions of the respiratory system?

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary

What are the divisions of the lower respiratory tract?

Trachea and primary bronchi (extrapulmonary bronchi)

What is included in the extrapulmonary lower respiratory tract?

Intrapulmonary (secondary/tertiary) bronchi

Primary bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs (clusters of alveoli)

What is included in the intrapulmonary lower respiratory tract?

Conducting portion and respiratory portion

Functionally, what are the divisions of the respiratory system?

Trachea, bronchi, conducting bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

What is included in the conducting portion of the lower respiratory system?

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

What is included in the respiratory portion of the lower respiratory system?

Condition the air and conduct/carry the air to the respiratory portion

What is the function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Site of gaseous exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide

Exchange occurs through the alveolar wall/septum between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli

What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Higher or greater

The smaller the diameter, the _________ the resistance of the individual structure

Higher

The smaller the diameter, the _________ the pressure of the individual structure

Less (due to extensive branching)

The overall resistance of the respiratory portion will be _________ than the trachea

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Identify the type of epithelium labeled A

Goblet cell

Identify the cell labeled B

Upper part of trachea

Identify the part of the respiratory system this slide is from

Simple cuboidal

Identify the type of epithelium labeled A

Terminal bronchiole

Identify the part of the respiratory system that this slide was taken from

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Identify the type of epithelium labeled A

LCT

Identify the type of tissue labeled B

Smooth muscle

Identify the type of tissue labeled C

Tertiary bronchi or primary bronchiole

What part of the respiratory system is this slide taken from?

Simple squamous

Identify the type of epithelium that the arrow is pointing to in the image shown

Alveolar duct/alveoli

What part of the respiratory system is this slide taken from?

Lamina propria

What is the LCT just under the PSCC in the trachea called?

BALT tissue (Bronchiole Associated Lymphatic Tissue)

What is the tissue that is under the PSCC in the trachea that contains lamina propria with high numbers of WBCs called?

Submucosa

What is the layer of CT denser than lamina propria that contains seromucous glands called in the trachea?

Towards the bottom

In the trachea, where would you find more glands in the submucosa, towards the top, or towards the bottom?

Trachealis m.

What is the smooth muscle associated with the trachea called?

Hyaline cartilage

What type of cartilage forms the C-shaped rings in the trachea?

Adventitia

What is the areolar CT that contains adipose and large blood vessels on the outside of the trachea called?

Layer of DICT and numerous lymphatic nodules

What tissues are associated with lymph nodes?

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Identify the type of epithelium labeled A

Mucosa

Identify the tissue layer labeled B

Submucosa

Identify the tissue layer labeled C

DICT

Identify the type of tissue labeled D

Seromucous glands

Identify the tissue labeled E

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the type of the tissue labeled F

Perichondrium

Identify the name of tissue labeled G

Epineurium

Identify the name of tissue labeled H

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Identify the tissue labeled A

Mucosa

Identify the layer of tissue labeled B

Lamina Propria

Identify the layer of tissue labeled C

Submucosa

Identify the layer of tissue labeled D

Perichondrium

Identify the name of the tissue labeled F

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the type of tissue labeled G

Adventitia

Identify the layer of tissue labeled H

Lamina Propria

Identify the layer of tissue labeled A

Mucosa

Identify the layer of tissue labeled B

Basement membrane

Identify C

Submucosa

Identify the layer of tissue labeled D

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the type of tissue labeled E

Perichondrium

Identify the name of the tissue labeled F

Duct of gland

Identify the structure labeled G

Seromucous glands

Identify the structure labeled H

Arrangement of cartilage (c-shaped = trachea, plates = PB)

How do you tell the difference between primary bronchi and the trachea, histologically?

Presence of lung tissue surrounding the structure

How do you tell whether you are extrapulmonary or intrapulmonary?

Lymph node

Identify the tissue labeled A

Lung tissue - alveoli

Identify the tissue labeled B

Primary bronchus

Identify the part of the respiratory system shown in the image

Thyroid gland

Identify the tissue labeled A

Skeletal muscle

Identify the tissue labeled B

Trachea

Identify the part of the respiratory system shown in the image?

PSCC lining lumen

Underlying LCT in lamina propria

Muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle) increases in wall

Seromucous glands seen in submucosa

Hyaline cartilage forms incomplete plates

Adventitia comprised of LCT visible

What is the histological appearance of primary bronchi?

Primary bronchi have adventitia and large lymph nodes and large blood vessels

Intrapulmonary bronchi will have alveoli and BVs surrounding bronchi interspersed b/w lung tissue

How do you tell the difference between primary bronchi and intrapulmonary bronchi?

Secondary bronchi

Tertiary bronchi

Conducting/primary bronchiole

Terminal bronchiole

What are the intrapulmonary parts of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Bronchi have PSCC, cartilage, glands, only some with smooth muscle

Bronchioles have no cartilage and no glands and smooth muscle is present

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

Primary/conducting bronchiole

Identify the part of the respiratory system shown in the image

Primary leading to terminal bronchii

Identify the part of the respiratory system shown in the image

Intrapulmonary bronchus

Identify the part of the respiratory system indicated A

Primary bronchiole

Identify the part of the respiratory system indicated B

Terminal bronchiole

Identify the part of the respiratory system indicated C

Respiratory bronchiole

Identify the part of the respiratory system indicated D

Alveolar duct

Identify the part of the respiratory system indicated E

Pulmonary v

If a vessel is large and thin-walled travelling alone in the lung, it's a ________________________

pulmonary a.

If a vessel is large and thin-walled travelling along the respiratory tree in the lung, it's a ________________________

Bronchial aa.

What vessels are found in the CT of the walls of bronchi and bronchioles that are small and thick-walled?

Size and amount of cartilage (we don't need to ID for lab, just label intrapulmonary bronchi)

What is the histological difference between a secondary and tertiary bronchus?

Alveoli

Identify A

Alveolar duct

Identify B

Arteriole

Identify C

Smooth muscle

Identify D

Bronchial a.

Identify A

BALT

Identify B

Pulmonary a.

Identify D

BALT

Identify E

Conducting Bronchiole (no cartilage)

What part of the respiratory tract is this slide taken from?

Arteriole (branch of bronchial a.)

Identify A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue of BALT

Identify B

Smooth muscle

Identify C

No cartilage or glands

Smooth muscle present as complete rings

Wavy epithelium

Epithelium ranges from PSCC to ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal

Goblet cells scattered and disappear as diameter decreases

What is the histological appearance of primary/conducting bronchioles?

Alveoli

Identify A

Terminal bronchiole

Identify B

Arteriole (from pulmonary a.)

Identify C

Smooth muscle

Identify D

Primary/conducting bronchiole

Identify E

Primary/conducting bronchiole

Identify F

Terminal bronchiole

Identify G

Simple ciliated cuboidal to simple cuboidal non-ciliated interspersed by club cells

Goblet cells absent

Appears as smooth lined due to limited smooth muscle

What is the histological appearance of terminal bronchioles?

Terminal bronchiole

What is this?