ABA exam 2 info

starting with reinforcement

proper definition of reinforcement

a response contingent consequence that increases the future frequency of that behavior

proper definition of positive reinforcement

the response contingent presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of behavior

proper definition of negative reinforcement

the response contingent removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of behavior

why is reinforcement a procedure and process?

procedure because it is controlled by a practitioner and goes as follows; response, stimulus is added/removed contingent on the response. a process is observed based on the increase in future frequencies of behavior occurrance. it is something that happens without conscious effort. procedure can occur without process.

define operant behavior

acting on the environment to produce on immediate consequence and is then strengthened by that consequence

define contingency

relationship between response and consequence, where the consequence is presented if the response occurs

example of a diagram a reinforcement contingency

R (response) —> SR (reinforcer stimulus)

examples of reinforcers/ reinforcement

child cries at bedtime and parents come to comfort, therefore the child cries more at bed time: an employee gets done with work early and gets a raise, early submissions become more frequent: the dog sits and gets a treat, the dog sits faster and more reliable.

non examples of reinforcers/ reinforcement

parent gives child candy before they clean their room; the child gets a toy everyday no matter their behavior; teacher gives student praise, student achievement starts to decline.

why doesn’t it make sense to say reinforcement doesn’t work?

because reinforcement is when behavior increases in the future after the stimulus is experienced.

compare positive and negative reinforcement

they both increase the frequency of behavior in the future.

contrast positive and negative reinforcement

one involves introducing a stimulus and the other involves removing a stimulus

compare escape and avoidance

contrast escape and avoidance

give an example & identify pos, neg reinforcement and escape, avoidance

compare unconditioned vs conditioned reinforcement

contrast unconditioned vs conditioned reinforcement

given an example, identify one way that the effectiveness of reinforcement can be improved

given an example, identify one way that the effectiveness of reinforcement can be improved.

explain “schedules of reinforcement.”