A&P Muscle Anatomy

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Orbicularis oculi

Closes the eyelids; responsible for blinking and squinting.

Orbicularis oris

Closes and puckers the lips, as in kissing.

Zygomaticus major

Elevates the corner of the mouth, as in smiling.

Zygomaticus minor

Elevates the upper lip.

Buccinator

Compresses the cheek, helping in chewing and blowing.

Frontalis

Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead.

Occipitalis

Pulls the scalp back.

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts the mandible for jaw closing.

Masseter

Elevates the mandible, closing the jaw.

Medial pterygoid

Elevates and laterally moves the mandible.

Lateral pterygoid

Depresses and protrudes the mandible, assisting in opening the jaw.

Platysma

Tenses the skin of the neck and depresses the lower jaw.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Rotates and flexes the head.

Trapezius

Elevates, retracts, and depresses the scapula; extends the neck.

Latissimus dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

Rhomboid major

Retracts the scapula.

Rhomboid minor

Retracts and stabilizes the scapula.

Serratus anterior

Protracts and stabilizes the scapula.

Levator scapulae

Elevates the scapula.

Pectoralis major

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

Pectoralis minor

Depresses and protracts the scapula.

Intercostals

Elevate and depress the ribs during breathing.

Rectus abdominis

Flexes the trunk, as in crunches.

Internal obliques

Rotates and laterally flexes the trunk.

External obliques

Rotates and laterally flexes the trunk.

Transversus abdominis

Compresses the abdomen.

Deltoid

Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.

Supraspinatus

Abducts the arm.

Infraspinatus

Externally rotates the arm.

Subscapularis

Medially rotates the arm.

Teres major

Adducts and medially rotates the arm.

Teres minor

Externally rotates the arm.

Biceps brachii

Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

Coracobrachialis

Flexes and adducts the arm.

Brachialis

Flexes the elbow.

Brachioradialis

Flexes the elbow.

Triceps brachii

Extends the elbow.

Pronator teres

Pronates the forearm.

Pronator quadratus

Pronates the forearm.

Supinator

Supinates the forearm.

Flexor compartment (forearm)

Flexes the wrist and fingers.

Extensor compartment (forearm)

Extends the wrist and fingers.

Gluteus maximus

Extends and externally rotates the thigh.

Gluteus medius

Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.

Gluteus minimus

Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.

Tensor fascia latae (TFL)

Abducts and stabilizes the thigh.

Semitendinosus

Extends the thigh, flexes the knee.

Semimembranosus

Extends the thigh, flexes the knee.

Biceps femoris

Extends the thigh, flexes the knee.

Iliacus

Flexes the thigh.

Psoas major

Flexes the thigh.

Psoas minor

Weakly flexes the lumbar spine.

Rectus femoris

Extends the knee and flexes the thigh.

Vastus lateralis

Extends the knee.

Vastus medialis

Extends the knee.

Vastus intermedius

Extends the knee.

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh.

Gracilis

Adducts the thigh and flexes the knee.

Adductor magnus

Adducts the thigh.

Adductor longus

Adducts the thigh.

Adductor brevis

Adducts the thigh.

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

Tibialis posterior

Inverts and plantarflexes the foot.

Fibularis longus

Everts and plantarflexes the foot.

Fibularis brevis

Everts and plantarflexes the foot.

Gastrocnemius

Plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee.

Soleus

Plantarflexes the foot.