AMSCO APWH U8+9

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance of communist states established in 1955.

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Founded in 1949 under Mao Zedong after the Chinese Civil War.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the US and the USSR over ballistic missiles in Cuba.

DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)

Established in 1948 by Kim Il-Sung with Soviet support.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the nonviolent resistance movement for India's independence from Britain.

Pan-Africanism

Movement promoted by Kwame Nkrumah advocating for African unity.

Suez Crisis

Event in 1956 where Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt following the nationalization of the Suez Canal.

Non-aligned Movement (NAM)

Initiative seeking independence from US and USSR influence during the Cold War.

Anti-Apartheid

Movement in South Africa that resisted legalized racial segregation.

Green Revolution

Period of agricultural transformation using high-yield crop varieties and fertilizers to enhance food production.

Globalization

Increased economic interdependence through global trade, technology, and communication.

Economic liberalization

Neoliberal reforms of the 1980s-1990s leading to privatization and deregulation.

Inequality and reaction

Growing global wealth gap leading to anti-globalization protests and a rise in populism.

Liberation Theology

Movement in Latin America that combines Catholicism with Marxist ideas to advocate for the poor.

Tiananmen Square

A 1989 protest in China where students demanded democratic reforms, resulting in violent suppression.

Antibiotics

Medicinal compounds used to treat bacterial infections; penicillin was mass-produced during WWII.

Renewable energy

Energy sources like solar and wind that emerged in the late 20th century to address environmental concerns.

Gene editing (CRISPR)

A revolutionary technique for altering DNA in organisms, with implications for health and agriculture.

Climate change

Changes in global or regional climate patterns, largely due to human activity.