Probation and Parole

social construct/ social constructionism

An idea created within society through culture, laws, etc

crime and laws created by society

crime vs. minion

crime: something that’s against a written law

harm: something that hurts someone/thing but not against law

socialization

individuals learn and internalize society’s rules, laws, and morals

symbolic interactionism

when people interact and build reality together

sex vs. gender

sex: a biological marker

gender: a combination of sex and environment. etc

schemas

mental frameworks that organize info

implicit bias

the unconscious, automatic mental associations and stereotypes that “people” make about a racial group

guard dog media coverage

Media behave like a sentry for the power structure within society… new stories get greater attention if they involve intruders or threats

stereotype threat

If you’re trying to perform in an area in which your group is negatively stereotyped, you’re going to feel extra pressure and that pressure can affect how well you perform

identity safety

People can trust they won’t experience negative things for having an identity

inequality regimes

analytic approach to understanding the inequalities in work organizations

visibility and legitimacy of inequality

people can see the inequality but view it as illegitimate

convictability/ discordant victims

reproaching race, class, and gender ideologies in prosecutorial sanction in what offenders serve all or portion of sentence

pre-adjudication vs. post adjudication

pre: a defendant has not yet pleaded guilty or been found guilty

post: defendant has been sentenced by the court after pleading guilty

determinate vs. indeterminate sentencing

indeterminate: rewards for positive behavior, less supervision

determinate: presumptive, fixed, or mandatory sentence

convict lease system

black prisoners were rented as gangs to plantation owners who were cruel and have little regard for deaths of same prisoners

cult of domesticity

19th-century social belief in the U.S. and Britain that a woman’s proper role was inside house, focused on family, morality and house keeping

amercement

a monetary penalty imposed arbitrarily at the discretion of a court for an offense

John Augustus

Washington total abstinence society, leader of this society

community corrections act

state gives money to counties

casework

a community supervision philosophy that allows the officer to create therapeutic relationships with clients

brokerage

supervision that involves identifying the needs of probation or parolees, and referring them to an appropriate community agency

justice

correctional practice based on the concept of just and even-handed punishment

neighborhood-based

a supervision strategy that emphasizes, public safety, accountability, etc

Alexander Maconochie & the marks system

British naval officer who served as governor of the colony on Norfolk Island instituted a system of early release

• father of parole

ticket-of-leave

a license or permit given to a convict at a reward for good conduct that allows them to go to work

expiration

form of release from prison after 100% of sentence has been served behind bars