Early Childhood Development Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering physical growth, brain development, sleep issues, toilet training readiness, safety, and developmental theories in early childhood.

Height growth (ages $2\text{--}6$)

A child typically increases by $3\,\text{inches}$ in height during early childhood.

Weight gain (ages $2\text{--}6$)

A child typically increases by $4.5\,\text{lbs}$ in weight during early childhood.

Prefrontal cortex

The brain area associated with focused attention and impulsiveness during early childhood development.

Right hemisphere

The hemisphere of the brain associated with spatial skills like recognizing patterns, shapes, and colors.

Left hemisphere

The hemisphere of the brain associated with language development.

Corpus callosum

The brain structure connecting the two hemispheres that undergoes a growth spurt during early childhood.

Sleep Terrors

A sleep issue where a child wakes up abruptly from a deep sleep cycle, screaming and crying with an intense feeling of fear.

Early childhood sleep requirement

The typical amount of rest a child needs during early childhood, specifically $10\text{--}11\,\text{hours}$ of sleep.

Appetite changes in early childhood

Appetite declines, creating a need for a high-quality diet and accompanied by a wariness of new foods.

Toilet training readiness: Interest

A developmental sign where a child shows interest in wearing underwear, using the toilet, or using a potty chair.

Toilet training readiness: Bladder control

A developmental sign where a child stays dry for $2\,\text{hours}$ or longer during the day.

Toilet training readiness: Self-dressing

A developmental sign where a child can pull their pants up and down by themselves.

Drowning accidents

The leading cause of injury-related death for children in early childhood.

Levels of intervention

The three prevention and intervention levels identified as primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural development

A developmental framework that includes the Zone of Proximal Development, Scaffolding, and Private Speech.

Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles

A framework identifying $4$ main styles of parenting along with their consequences.

Initiative vs guilt

Erikson’s early childhood developmental stage that represents a developmental crisis.