biostatistics (definitions)

soberana - ananda - y1s2t1

Σ

summation

xᵢ − x̄

individual values - average

n

number of values

Qualitive data

describes qualities or categories (like eye color or type of disease)

Quanitative data

uses numbers to measure something (like age, number of cases, or height)

Incidence

measures the number of NEW cases in a population at risk during a specific period

Incidence identifies…

the risk of developing a disease and detect new outbreaks in a population

Prevalence

measures ALL existing cases in a population at a specific time

Prevalence identifies…

how widespread a disease is & how many people may need healthcare

Mortality Rate

measures deaths in a population during a specific period

Mortality identifies…

major health problems, compare populations, guide public health policies

Incidence vs Prevalence

new cases vs old+new cases

Mortality vs Case Fatality Mortality

deaths in a population vs deaths of people w/specific disease

increase P

new cases, immigration

decrease P

recovery, deaths, emigration

Standard Deviation (SD)

measures how spread out the data is from the mean

Smaller SD identifies…

values are closer together

Variance

SD squared

Case Fatality Rate

proportion of ppl w disease who die from it

Mean

the average

Median

middle value when data is arranged from min-max

Mode

the value that appears most frequently

Interquartile Range (IQR)

measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data

Range/Amplitude (At)

max - min values

Dd

Duration of disease

Outliers

extreme values (not included in Q’s or IQR)

Rates

how often an event happens in a pop. over a period