CLINCAL PROCEDURES

Chest X-ray

Basic imaging showing lung fields, heart size, bones

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the Chest

Cross-sectional imaging providing detailed views of lung tissue, mediastinum, pleura, and vessels

CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)

Used to visualize pulmonary arteries

MRI

Imaging using magnetic fields, shows views of heart, mediastinum, without using radiation

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan of the Lung

Injected radioactive substance to reveal metabolic activity within the lung such as tumors

Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan

Inhalation of radioactive gas or injection of radioactive material to identify inadequate ventilation or perfusion

Bronchoscopy

Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens

Endotracheal Intubation

Placement of a tube from mouth to trachea to establish an airway

Laryngoscopy

Visualization of the larynx using a scope

Lung Biopsy

Removal of lung tissue for microscopic examination

Mediastinoscopy

Surgical procedure using a scope inserted above the sternum to biopsy mediastinal lymph nodes

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Tests measuring lung volumes, airflow, and gas exchange

Thoracotomy

Surgical incision into the chest wall

Thoracoscopy (VATS)

Minimally invasive camera-assisted chest surgery

Tracheostomy

Surgical creation of an opening in the trachea for long-term airway access or ventilation

Tuberculin Skin Test (PPD)

Injection of tuberculin into the skin to detect immune response indicating exposure to Tuberculosis

Tube Thoracostomy

Insertion of tube into the pleural space to drain air, fluid, or pus

Thoracentesis

Surgical procedure to remove fluid from pleural space via needle