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what are sweat glands stimulated by

• stimulated by sympathetic system but are cholinergic synapse

• sweat receptors on he palms are only adrenergic

what happens if you use agonist to cholinergic>

you also sweat

char of acetylcholine

• does not cross bbb

• will activate skeletal muscle receptors

• effects are reduced hr, reduced bp, increased saliva, fixed near vision, contracted pupils, diarrhea, intestinal cramping, and sweating.

• only used for eye surgery

why cant acetylcholine be used systemically

because it is too non specific

• it will do tm dmg

what is pilocarpine

similar effects to ach but is able to penetrate bbb

• it is used for acute glaucoma (intraocular pressure)

• pilocarpine causes immediate opening of drainage system of the eye

what is acetylcholinersterase

degrades ach in the synapse

inhibition of ache will increase activity in the synapse

what is myasthenia gravis

• autoimmune destruction of ach receptors at nmk

what does alzheimers disease do?

• reduction in activity and then death of cholinergic neurons in brain

which type of drug can help with alzheimers?

drugs that can increase ach activity in the brain can therefore treat some symptoms of AD but not underlying patholy

ex of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

1. neostigmine

2. donepazil

what does neostigmine

stimulates the bladder and gi tract (urinary bladder disease and constipation)

• aids symptoms of myasthenia gravis

what does donepazil do

Stimulates cholenergic neurons in brain- Treat
symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

ex of cholinergic antagonist

• atropine - belladonna (beautiful woman)

• scopolamine

• tiotropium

what does atropine

Decreases cardiovascular response to
parasympathetic stimulation. (Heart rate
increases, blood pressure rises)
Bronchodilation and decreased respiratory
secretions (drying)
Antispasmodic effect on GI tract, other
smooth muscles
Dilates pupils

what does scopolamine do

Strong CNS effect

• Most effective anti-nausea drug

what does Tiotropium

Derived from atropine
– Inhaled bronchodilators (very long term effect)

OVERDOSE, side effect or blocking of cholinergic system what happens?

what is a good nmeonic to remember that?

SLUDS

• s = salivation

• l = lacrimation

• u = urination

• d = defecation

• s = sweat

what is jimson weed

Anticholinergic - dry mouth, dilated pupils, high temperature (but reduced sweating), and blurred vision. Psychological effects include confusion, euphoria, and delirium

why are nmj blocker used?

Used in surgery- Reduces the amount of anesthesia needed, allows rapid recovery of senses (“Neuromuscular blockers should not be used to substitute for inadequate depth of anasthesia”)

what is Order of muscular paralysis:

eyes, face, fingers, limbs, trunk, diaphragm. Recovery in the opposite order (assuming you survive)

what do nmj blockers do?

Either non-depolarizing or depolarizing. Because NMJ desensitizes, both cause paralysis

examples of nmj blockers

1. Non-depolarizing: Curare Amazonian poison

2. Polarizing: Succinylcholine