Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Textbook: Diagnostics and Treatment

The Cardiovascular System, pp. 121 - 132

a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

angiography

medical term for x-ray

radiography

suffix meaning the process of recording

graphy

the resulting film of an angiography

angiogram

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart

cardiac catheterization

DSA

digital subtraction angiography

procedure that uses angiography with computer assistance to clarify the view of the area of interest in the cardiovascular system by “subtracting” the soft tissue and bones from the images

digital subtraction angiography

a diagnostic procedure to iamge the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels

duplex ultrasound

what are the components of a duplex ultrsound

diagnostic ultrasound, doppler ultrasound

a venography is also known as a

phlebography

a radiographic test that provides an image of specifc veins after a contrast dye is injected

venography

venography is a very accurate test for detecting what condition

deep vein thrombosis

the noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium

electrocardiography

what type of procedure does not require the insertion of an instrument or device thorugh the skin or a body opening for diagnosis or treatment

noninvasive

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

electrocardiogram

a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24 or 48 hour period

holter monitor

a procedure performed to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress, involves monitoring wiht an electrocardiograph while the patient exercises on a treadmill, or is injected with a chemical to increase the patient’s heart rate if he or she is unable to use a treadmill

stress test

a stress test can be performed in conjunction with what other diagnostic procedure

echocardiogram

procedure performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the bloodstream

thallium stress test

the accuracy and consistency with which the patient follows the physician’s instructions

compliance

a medication administered to lower blood pressure

antihypertensive

ACE

angiotensin-converting enzyme

a type of antihypertensive that blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

ACE inhibitor

ARBs

angiotensin II receptor blockers

a type of antihypertensive that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat, commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure, relieve angina, or treat heart failure

beta-blocker

type of antihypertensive that causes the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calciu into the cells of these structures, thereby reducing the workload fo the heart by increasing thesupply of blood and oxygen

calcium channel blocker agent

a medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the boy of excess sodium and water, treat hypertension and heart failure by reducing the amount of fluid circulating in the blood

diuretic

a medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat

antiarrhythmic

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

anticoagulant

the process of clotting blood

coagulation

anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as

blood thinners

Coumadin is the brand name for what drug

warfarin

an anticoagulant administered to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger, often prescribed for patients with clotting difficulties, certain types of heartbeat irregularities, or after a heart attack or heart valve replacement surgery (now drugs such as Eliquis and Xarelto are usually preferred by physicians)

Coumadin

a common anticoagulant that works faster than Coumadin but must be administered by injection or in an IV solution

heparin

dose of a baby aspirin

81 mg

drug that can be taken in a very small daily dose that may be recommended to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke by reducing the ability of the blood to clot

aspirin

medications that are used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood

cholesterol-lowering drugs

digitalis is available as the drug preparation

digoxin

digitalis contains extracts from the

foxglove plant

drug that strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues, used to treat and prevent certain types of arrhythmias, and other heart conditions

digitalis

a thrombolytic is also known as a

clot-busting drug

a medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

thrombolytic

the use of drugs to break up a thrombus

thrombolytic therapy

drug that causes blood vessels to narrow

vasoconstrictor

examples of vasoconstrictors include

antihistamines, decongestants

a vasoconstrictor is the opposite of a

vasodilator

drug that causes blood vessels to expand

vasodilator

a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels to the heart, thereby increasing the blodo flow and oxygen supply to the heart

nitroglycerin

nitroglycerin can be administered via what routes

sublingually, transdermally, orally

patients with hypertension as well as other cardiac issues are often prescribed a diet with

restricted sodium intake

CPB

cardiopulmonary bypass

cardiopulmonary bypass is also known as a

heart-lung machine

a device sometimes used to maintain the circulation of blood and oxygen to the body during surgery, allowing surgeons the opportunity to operate on the heart without it beating

cardiopulmonary bypass

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

angioplasty

PTCA

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

a PTCA is also known as a

balloon angioplasty

a procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

procedure that involves a laser on the end of a catheter, which uses beams of light to remove plaque deposits, can be used separately or in conjunction with PTCA

laser angioplasty

a wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened, provides support to the arterial wall, keeps plaque from expanding again, prevents restenosis

stent

the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again

restenosis

the surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

atherectomy

the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain, performed to reduce the risk of a stroke caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain

carotid endarterectomy

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CABG is also known as

bypass surgery

an operation that requires the opening of the chest in which a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart

coronary artery bypass graft

a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass is also known as

keyhole bypass, buttonhole bypass

an alternative technique for some bypass patients, performed with the aid of a fiber-optic camera through small openings between the ribs

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

defibrillation is also known as

cardioversion

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

defibrillation

the shock needed during cardioversion is provided by a device known as a

defibrillator

AED

automated external defibrillator

a device designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required, automatically samples the electrical rhythms of the heart and, if necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

automated external defibrillator

a device used primarily as treatment for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation, sometimes used to treat other heart conditions, can be attached externally or implanted under the skin with connections leading into the heart to regulate the hearbeat

artificial pacemaker

ICD

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

a double action pacemaker that

1. constantly regulates the heartbeat to ensure that the heart does not beat too slowly

2. if a dangerous disruption of the heart’s rhythm occurs, acts as an automatic defibrillator

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

cardiac ablation is also known as

catheter ablation

a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy (heat) or cryoablation (extreme cold) to scar or destroy the heart tissue triggering an abnormal heart rhythm

cardiac ablation

the surgical repair of a heart valve

valvuloplasty

suffix meaning surgical repair

plasty

a surgery to replace one of the heart’s four valves, usually the aortic or mitral valve, valve is replaced with either a mechanical valve or one made up of animal or human tissue

heart valve replacement

TAVR

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

a relatively new, minimally invasive procedure in which the existing valve is left in place and a fully collapsible replacement valve is delivered to the valve site through a catheter, taking over the function of the valve

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

term that means pertaining to the heart and lungs

cardiopulmonary

procedure that can be effective in keeping a patient suffering from cardiac arrest alive until professional responders arrive

compression-only resuscitation

the surgical removal of an aneurysm

aneurysmectomy

the surgical suturing of a aneurysm

aneurysmorraphy

aneurysmorraphy is also known as

aneurysmoplasty

a surgical method to isolate an aneurysm from the rest of the circulatory system by placing a small titanium clip across its neck, preventing blood from flowing into an aneurysm

aneurysm clipping

the surgical removal of a part of an artery

arteriectomy

term that means to stop or control bleeding

hemostasis

suffix that means stopping or controlling

stasis

plasmapheresis is also known as

plasma exchange

the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood’s cellular elements

plasmapheresis

tPA

tissue plasminogen activator

medical professional who takes blood samples and prepares them for testing

phlebotomist

a phlebotomist is also known as a

venipuncture technician

medical professional who operates a heart-lung machine during coronary bypass surgery

perfusionist

medical professional who assists with cardiac catheterization procedures and angioplasty, monitors patients during open-heart surgery and the implantation of pacemakers, and conducts tests on patients’ pulmonary or cardiovascular systems for diagnostic purposes

cardiovascular technologist