KINE 1001 - In-tutorial test 1

test 1

What does the course explore?

The foundations and assumptions of Kine from a socio-cultural perspective

What is the course’s point of departure?

That no human being lives outside of society

What is an individual’s social body?

It’s categorized and trained into socially approved roles and practices that are informed by cultural, political and historical conditions and that influence and are influenced by one’s perceived gender, appearance, age, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, ability, and class or caste.

Learning outcomes/objectives:

The concept of social construction as it pertains to physical activity, the body and health.

Power relations, privilege and stereotyping generate and perpetuate inequalities and prejudices about human bodies with respect to hegemonic societal standards of health and performance.

History of kine as a discipline and colonial determinants of health.

How physical activity and health are social and historical institutions influenced by material conditions of life.

Reflect on the nature of scientific knowledge as it pertains to the study of physical activity, body and health.

Qualitative research methods used for investigating sport, physical activity and/or health from a socio-cultural perspective.

When do emails not receive a response?

Emails sent after 5 pm or during the weekend will not receive a response until the following business day

Grading criteria (tutorials)

Attendance

Participation

On time submission of tutorial exercise

Who is working on to develop regulations to assure safe use of AI in education?

UNESCO is working with countries to develop strategies, plans, and regulations to assure the safe and beneficial use of AI in edu.

What does UNESCo encourage countries to prioritize?

The principles of inclusion, equity, quality and safety when moving to utilize AI tools for education.

Learning skills:

Anything that is necessary to be an efficient and effective learned

Time management (time/lecture and resources)

1.5 hours of study time for every 1 hour lecture

Resources such as course requirements outline, to do list and prioritization matrix, weekly schedule, pomodoro technique

Multitasking

With cellphones has a negative effect on learning, info retention and academic performance.

On laptop, reduces a student’s ability to comprehend lecture content. Students sitting near taptop multitasker also underperform despite actively trying to focus on the lecture

What do you need to have to pass?

C+

The policy on academic honesty:

An affirmation and clarification for members of the uni of the general obligation to maintain the highest standards of academic honesty. Academic honesty and responsibility is fundamental to good scholarship.

What does the syllabus say about generative AI?

The use of generative AI tools in the preparation or completion of tutorial submissions, assignments, tests, exams or any other form of assessment in this course is prohibited

What does Giannini say about generative AI?

The raison d’être of edu: to help us make informed choices of how we want to construct our lives and our societies

Ai is giving us a push to re-examine what we do in education, how we do it, and why

Education should remain a deeply human act rooted in social interaction

Kine vs PE

PE: school based, play and game based, recreation. Not work, not serious.

Kine: hard science (not soft skills). Serious, legit, prestigious.

Kine is shaped by:

culture, people, power and history

Public education arose from…

Child labour laws: protect children from early work and promote schooling. (they need education for a good development)

Improvements to public education system

Colonial roots of PE (men)

Came from private schools for boys, bc they needed the virtues of good christian men, such as fitness, toughness, and stamina (only counts for upper class)

Need for citizenry ready for labour and for war

PE taught social and moral lessons

PE for girls and young women

They had to be elegant and feminine like dance (femininity and charm with a zest for action)

Had to be ladies first

Vigorous sport was masculine and inappropriate for “proper” females

Colonial roots of PE in Canada

Egerton Ryerson influenced to push PE bc he believed it brought up good citizens and developed residential school systems.

Was militaristic like in the UK, and christian

Strathcona Trust (mobilize resources) supports PE in the school curriculum, it was militaristic drill based to prepare boys for military threats

Canadian Physical Education Association

It was developed to oppose Strathcona trust (such as the militaristic drills), bc it valued different ways of moving

What is the root of kine?

Physical education, since it is shaped by the ideas of the time by people with different objectives.

National Physical Fitness Act

Wanted to develop a physically fit population, like soldiers.

The outcome was it funded PE teacher training which influenced PE in uni indirectly, bc it gave the universities more funds

PE in universities

Earliest programs was in the 40’s: U of T, McGill, U of BC, Queen’s, U of Western.

It focused on theory, games, sports and was part of the school curriculum. Bc it was in universities it gained legitimacy

Emergence of kine

Arose in the 60’s-70’s at unis.

There were experts of human movement, and ppl would graduate form this program. also increase of knowledge and specialization.

Pushing to legitimize the study of human movement

Shifting federal government priorities: it was no longer just for the military bc of high performance sports, such as the olympics. They also wanted to promote health

The shift into kine

It went from teacher training into multidisciplinary study of human movement. and when they changed the name more ppl got into the program. Cell ←> society

Kine and health promotion (beginning)

Came from the 70’s due to an economic crisis. As a response they shrunk the welfare state (meaning they spent less on higher education). They wanted to solve the money problem in the healthcare system therefore they encouraged the population to take care of themselves better.

Also neoliberalism: was the emphasis on individual responsibility - so health is the personal control and ‘right’ lifestyle choices.

Is kine the disciplinary area for study of health promotion?

True

Kine and health promotion (now)

Canadian Society for exercise physiology received $1.1 million to develop 24-hr movement guidelines to inform Canadian adults of all ages of the amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep that is recommended to be healthy

Corporatization of higher ed (kine)

It’s when business interests guide public institutions to better serve private interests. And bc of this funds of universities are limited because students leave to be employed.

So universities want their graduates to be ready for work, productivity and efficiency.

Knowledge is also now considered to be instrumental, since it is commercially viable

Kine programs mission and vision statements

They want to identify themselves; reproduce narrowly defined arrangements of power/knowledge.

1. An altruistic and helping profession

2. Knowledge as instrumental and part of leader creation

3. Has a community impact

what type of health and physical activity does kine push?

Determined by individual choices, self-mastery, discipline, control, etc.

What risk does kine impose?

The risk of narrowing what we consider important.

The erasure of history, culture, social location, social forces and determinants, power between dominant and subordinate groups/individuals

Normal, healthy, good becomes defined in narrow ways.

What is sociology?

It’s the study of social worlds and structures; the study of ppl in groups; and the study of people’s everyday actions and relationships.

Social worlds and social life are constructed through struggles and negotiations over ideology, representation, and power.

What is power?

The capacity to achieve some kind of outcome

Types of powers:

Collective power: when a group wants to achieve a goal

Positive power: serving the interests of others (like parent-kid and doctors)

When is power most effective?

When it’s least noticeable and observable.

One-dimensional view of power:

It’s direct and visible. Can be interpersonal, between organizations, or between countries. Can be legit or illegitimate. an example of illegitimate use of power is use of force and is not sustainable. And there’s always a counter-power.

Two-dimensional view of power:

Follows an agenda. Present in all aspects of life. Prevents other ideas to enter, so it avoids potential challenges. It’s basically the power to decide whats decided. It’s normally between two people/groups.

Three-dimensional view of power:

Most effective bc it’s hidden and less visible. It’s attracted to people with status that the public gave them. They don’t need to assert their authority for people to do things. the powerful can change perception so change seems impossible. They play on people’s fear, lack of information, prejudice. They use a lot of propaganda.

The goal of sociology when: three-dimensional view of power

To make it visible when powerless embrace the interests of the powerful as their own.

Antonio Gramsci: securing compliance without action

He wrote about hegemony which is the power through consent. Basically where they present themselves as the moral compass, and claims that it’s common sense.

Michel Foucault: securing compliance without action

He wrote the history of psychology. He said that power is relational, meaning it doesn’t always exist in one person, there’s always chance for change.

he also talked about the Panopticon (the possibility of being seen), which is where one disciplines themselves, says how power works in our society

Institutions of power

State: all political institutions of any society (distribution of resources)

State and exercise of power: tax and transfer (who gets what), welfare state

Business confidence theory:

economic growth

Relative political power of different groups:

influence because of their status. Will adopt interests of the powerful

The state and social change

According to Foucault power is alway circulating, meaning it’s not total. There’s also resistance, and social movements.

Operations of power: dimensions of oppression/privilege

interlocking systems leads to domination and subordination.

Operations of power: institutional

Structured through social institutions. An example is slavery bc it was a patriarchal institution. It’s where race, class, and gender interlock. An institution works as a conduit for oppression

Operations of power: symbolic

Widespread ideologies that we accept to justify relations of domination and subordination. Such as masculine and feminine. Assumption of universality, even though people are affected. Also controlling of images and representation.

Operations of power: individual

Shaped by race, class and gender as categories of analysis frame our individual biographies. All of the things mentioned shape your lives, such as social and historical concepts. It operates invisibly and visibly. And could be a barrier to connections

Intersectionality

Used by Combahee River Collective, but is attributed to Kimberlé Crenshaw. It a lens, or a way to see and understand complex realities, forms of oppression, social positioning, social location, experiences of violence, resistance as interconnected efforts.

Multiple levels of social injustice, and privilege and oppression coming together.

Cumulative disadvantage

Comes from historical roots, compounding effects and health effects. (like the cycle of poverty: grows up in poverty →no access to things →fewer opportunities→economic insecurity)

unearned cumulative advantage

Also known as privilege. they are advantages that an individual has by virtue of belonging to certain social identity groups. The ability to have access to certain opportunities, and is reinforced by the symbolic and institutional operations of power.

Privileges of privelege

Acceptance, freedom of movement, ignorance

You don’t have to think about your race, gender, class, etc.

Maintaining privilege

Silence, monopolizing opportunities, controlling rewards, preventing diminishing of existing privilege. Also the myth of meritocracy, which is hard work will always be rewarded.

What does power, intersectionality and privilege do?

Shapes social interactions (we always try to act like a victim bc it’s difficult to accept our privilege), opportunity for greater learning, create connections, build relationships, make change, and self-awareness. Especially self-reflection to get that piece of oppression, which is planted deep within each of us.