BUAD AI Midterm

Information

Data that can answer questions or support decisions

Knowledge

Insight derived from experience

Primary Data

Data you’ve collected for your own use

Secondary Data

Data someone else has collected and made available for others to use

Time Series Data

values of a specific measurement taken over a range of time periods

Panel Data

Consists of a time series measurement taken over a range of time periods

Panel Data

Consists of a time series for each cross-sectional member

Cross-sectional Data

Values collected from a number of subjects during a single time period

Machine Learning

Learns from historical data

Deep Learning

Learns and mimics the human brain

Classification

Assigns data into specific categories

Regression

Predicts numerical outcomes

Clustering

Groups unlabeled data based on similarity

Association rule mining

Discovers interesting associations in data

Dimensionality Reduction

Reduces number of data inputs to a manageable size

How does AI impact business productivity?

By enhancing customer relations, avoiding mistakes, and streamlining job processes

An Algorithm

an advanced set of instructions that can imporve a machine’s performance over time

Ways to right better AI prompts

Provide clear instructions, adopt a persona, define the output format, and target your audience

When did AI begin?

The 1950s and was used in WWII

Who coined the term “Machine Learning”?

Arthur Samuel

Who invented the Perceptron?

Frank Rosenblatt

What’s an NLP?

Natural Language Processor

Multimodal Data

Images, text, and audio. NLP platforms can understand this data

What are the 5 V’s?

Volume, Velocity, Veracity, Value, and Variety

What’s a language model?

A machine that understands and predicts language

Computer vision

A field of artificial intelligence that facilitates devices to analyze images and videos

To code the text Hello!

print(“Hello!”)

What are the basic data types?

Integers (1), Floating point numbers (1.25), and Strings (aaa)

What are the basic container types?

Lists, Dictionaries, Sets, and Tuples

What is a list?

An ordered, mutable collection of objects. (Ex: red, blue, green)

What is a Dictionary?

A collection of key-value pairs that is unordered and mutable. (Ex: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}).

What is a Set?

A mutable, unordered, unique collection of objects. (Ex: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} )

What is a Tuple?

A immutable list. (Ex: Apple, Banana, Cherry)

What’s a Boolean value?

A data type that can be either True or False, often used in logical operations and conditionals. Ex: x=4

if x>5:

print(“The value of x is larger than 5.”)

If, Elif, and Else statements

Conditional statements that execute code based on whether a specified condition is True or False.

Ex: x = 5

if x > 10:

  print("The value of x is greater than 10.")

elif x > 5:

  print("The value of x is greater than 5.")

else:

  print("The value of x is less than or equal to 5.")

What is Numpy?

The core library for scientific computing in Python.

What are Arrays?

A grid of values, all of the same type, and is indexed by a tuple of non-negative integers.

What is boolean array indexing?

A method used to select elements of a numpy array using boolean conditions, resulting in a new array that contains only the elements satisfying the condition.

What is Pandas?

It is a library for data manipulation and analysis in Python, providing data structures like DataFrames and Series.

What is a DataFrame?

A two-dimensional, size-mutable, and potentially heterogeneous tabular data structure provided by the Pandas library, enabling easy data manipulation and analysis.

What is a Series?

A one-dimensional labeled array in Pandas that can hold various data types, providing a flexible way to store and manipulate data.

What is head and tail in a DataFrame?

Methods in Pandas that return the first few and last few rows of a DataFrame, respectively, allowing for quick inspection of the data.

What is info and describe in a Dataframe?

Methods in Pandas that provide summary information about a DataFrame, including data types, non-null counts, and basic statistics, helping users understand the structure and distribution of data.

What is index and columns in a DataFrame?

Attributes in a Pandas DataFrame that define the row and column labels, respectively. The index serves as a unique identifier for each row, while the columns represent the different features or variables in the dataset.

What is loc and iloc in a DataFrame?

Methods in Pandas used for accessing a group of rows and columns by labels and integer positions, respectively. They allow for flexible data selection and manipulation based on row and column indexing.

What does slicing rows and columns do in a dataframe?

Allows users to extract specific subsets of data by specifying ranges of indices or labels. This method enables focused data analysis and manipulation, making it easier to work with relevant portions of the dataset.

What is Conditional logic?

The use of conditions in programming or data analysis to execute different actions based on whether certain criteria are met

What is Boolean logic?

A form of algebra in which all values are either true or false

What does a for loop allow python to do?

It allows Python to execute a block of code repeatedly for a specified number of iterations or for each item in a sequence, enabling automation of repetitive tasks