Science - 8.3 Change

Energy

the ability to do work

Joules

Unit used to measure energy

potential energy

stored energy

kinetic energy

energy of motion

Conduction

Heat transfer through a solid material by contact of one particle with the next

Convection

The transfer of heat in fluids or gases

Radiation

The transfer of energy through space by waves and/or particles

Rock Cycle

A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another

Metamorphic

Rocks changed by intense heat or extreme pressure

Igneous

rock formed from cooled magma or lava

Sedimentary

Rocks formed from pressed and cemented sediments

Weathering

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

Erosion

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

Deposition

Dropping off eroded material

Compaction

the process that presses sediments together

Intrusive

Igneous rock formed underground

Extrusive

Igneous rock formed above ground

Sandstone

Rock made of sand grains

Conglomerate

Rock with rounded pebbles and finer material

Magma

Molten rock beneath the earth's surface

Lava

Magma that reaches Earth's surface

Fossil

A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past.

Superposition

oldest layers on bottom, youngest on top

Mineral

natural solid with a set chemical makeup

Dehydration

Water squeezed out of sediments

Cementation

mineral glue sediments together

Hardness

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

Lustre

How shiny a mineral is

Cleavage

how a mineral splits along flat surfaces

Exothermic Reaction

Releases heat

Endothermic Reaction

Absorbs heat

Physical Change

Changes form, not substance

Chemical Change

Makes new substances

Chemical Reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances