Lecture 14 Practice Quiz

Which of the following hormones is released from the anterior pituitary?

 

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

 

Oxytocin

 

Melatonin

 

Cholecystokinin

 

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Growth hormone has two primary effects. First, it directly stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in the bones and soft tissues of the body. Second, it stimulates the production and release of                                   from the liver.

 

insulin

 

growth hormone–releasing hormone

 

aldosterone

 

insulin-like growth factor 1

 

amylin

insulin-like growth factor 1

Which vitamin plays a major role in calcium homeostasis?

 

Vitamin B1

 

Vitamin A

 

Vitamin C

 

Vitamin D3

 

Vitamin E

Vitamin D3

In the HPA axis, a stressful stimulus triggers the hypothalamus to release corticotropin-releasing hormone. This stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesize and release                                 . 

 

cortisol

 

oxytocin

 

adrenal androgens

 

growth hormone

 

adrenocorticotropic hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to increase sodium and water reabsorption and potassium secretion in kidneys?

 

Antidiuretic hormone

 

Cortisol

 

Growth hormone

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Aldosterone

Aldosterone

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla as part of the body's flight-or-fight response?

 

Melatonin

 

Epinephrine

 

Secretin

 

Growth hormone

 

Luteinizing hormone

Epinephrine

In the HPT axis, thyroid-stimulating hormone is released from the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of                               from the thyroid gland.

 

amylin

 

thymopoietin

 

growth hormone

 

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

 

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

The adrenal medulla secretes                                     in response to stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system.

 

luteinizing hormone

 

T3 and T4

 

epinephrine and norepinephrine

 

cortisol

 

insulin and glucagon

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

 

All of these hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

 

Androgens

 

None of these hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

 

Cortisol

 

Aldosterone

All of these hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Which neurohormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys?

 

Prolactin

 

Antidiuretic hormone

 

Cortisol

 

Melatonin

 

Epinephrine

Antidiuretic hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas to increase blood glucose concentration?

 

Insulin

 

Glucagon

 

Pancreatic polypeptide

 

Ghrelin

 

Somatostatin

Glucagon

Which of the following hormones is released from the anterior pituitary?

 

Antidiuretic hormone

 

Calcitriol

 

Prolactin

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin

 

Progesterone

Prolactin

Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary?

 

Cortisol

 

Growth hormone

 

Calcitonin

 

Insulin

 

Antidiuretic hormone

Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following hormones is released from the anterior pituitary?

 

Thyroxine

 

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Epinephrine

 

Vasopressin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A stimulus triggers the hypothalamus to release                                     which stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesize and release growth hormone.

 

insulin-like growth factor 1

 

growth hormone releasing hormone

 

insulin-like growth factor 2

 

dopamine

 

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

growth hormone releasing hormone

Vitamin D3 can be obtained from the diet; however, most of it is synthesized when                                        .

 

the skin is exposed to UV light

 

there is sufficient iron in the diet

 

blood testosterone levels are elevated

 

the body is in a stressed state.

 

there is sufficient iodine in the diet

the skin is exposed to UV light

Hormones released by the hypothalamus travel through the                                   to reach the anterior pituitary.

 

choroid plexus

 

sinusoids

 

hepatic portal system

 

azygos venous system

 

hypophyseal portal system

hypophyseal portal system

Glucagon released by the alpha cells of the pancreas stimulates                                 in the liver.

 

lipogenesis

 

glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

 

glycogenesis and glycolysis

 

the release of amylin

 

protein synthesis

glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Which brain region links the nervous system and endocrine system?

 

Corticospinal tract

 

Cerebellum

 

Hypothalamus

 

Hippocampus

 

Medulla oblongata

Hypothalamus

Which molecule is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

 

Magnesium

 

Iodine

 

Copper

 

Uranium

 

Iron

Iodine

The hypothalamus secretes                                to increase the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

 

interferons

 

releasing hormones

 

inhibiting hormones

 

transcription factors

 

interleukins

releasing hormones

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of hormones from the thyroid gland?

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

 

Cortisol

 

Follicle-stimulating hormone

 

Luteinizing hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Which category of hormone is derived mostly from the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine?

 

Amino acid derived hormones

 

Chemokines

 

Cytokines

 

Protein hormones

 

Steroid hormones

Amino acid derived hormones

Which category of hormone is derived from cholesterol and mostly binds to intracellular receptors?

 

Steroid hormones

 

Peptide hormones

 

Kinases

 

Amino acid derived hormones

 

Cytokines

Steroid hormones

The                                      are small clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete hormones.

 

Peyer's patches

 

pancreatic duct

 

hepatopancreatic ampulla

 

pancreatic islets

 

islands of Calleja

pancreatic islets

Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex to mediate stress responses and suppress the immune response?

 

Cortisol

 

Follicle-stimulating hormone

 

Growth hormone

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Antidiuretic hormone

Cortisol

The binding of insulin to its receptor causes adipose and resting skeletal muscle cells to insert                                     into their cell membranes. This allows the cells to take up glucose from the interstitial fluid by facilitated diffusion. 

 

GLUT4 transporters

 

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)

 

Hexokinase

 

Sodium–potassium pumps

 

Glucokinase

GLUT4 transporters

Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body?

 

Serve as a cofactor in enzymes

 

Formation of bone and teeth

 

All of these are function of calcium

 

Act as a second messenger

 

Blood clotting

All of these are function of calcium

In order to respond to a chemical signal, the target cell must have a                          that can recognize and bind the signal molecule.

 

receptor

 

vesicle

 

antigen

 

antibody

 

cytokine

receptor

Which of the following hormones is released from the anterior pituitary?

 

Ghrelin

 

Oxytocin

 

Cortisol

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin

 

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

 

Somatostatin

 

Parathyroid hormone

 

Growth hormone

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin

 

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

In the HPT axis, increased levels of                                    from the anterior pituitary trigger follicular cells in the thyroid gland to release the thyroid hormone (T3 and T4).

 

dehydroepiandrosterone

 

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

 

thyroid-stimulating hormone

 

insulin-like growth factor 1

 

thymulin

thyroid-stimulating hormone

In the HPA axis, adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex to release                            .

 

antidiuretic hormone

 

cortisol

 

corticotropin-releasing hormone

 

insulin-like growth factor 1

 

epinephrine

cortisol

Which of the following statements about hormones is TRUE?

 

Most hormones can exert their effects at extremely high concentrations

 

Hormones never act on more than one tissue at a time.

 

Hormones are secreted into the interstitial fluid and function as autocrine signals.

 

Most hormone are broken down by enzymes in the brain and spinal cord

 

None of these statements are true.

None of these statements are true.

__________________  are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine cells and/or endocrine glands.

 

Neurotransmitters

 

Coenzymes

 

Transcription factors

 

Hormones

 

Chemokines

Hormones

The                                    are pyramid-shaped glands anchored to the superior surface of each kidney.

 

parathyroid glands

 

adrenal glands

 

testes or ovaries

 

pituitary glands

 

salivary glands

adrenal glands

Which hormone increases the release of calcium from bone tissue and the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys?

 

Insulin

 

Calcitonin

 

Thyroid hormone

 

Growth hormone

 

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone

In the HPA axis, a stressful stimulus triggers the hypothalamus to release                           . This stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesize and release adrenocorticotropic hormone. 

 

calcitonin

 

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

 

dopamine

 

corticotropin-releasing hormone

 

antidiuretic hormone

corticotropin-releasing hormone

In the HPA axis, the adrenal cortex releases cortisol to                                     .

 

increase gluconeogenesis and metabolism and suppress the immune system

 

increase sodium and water reabsorption and potassium secretion in kidneys

 

increase calcium reabsorption from the bones

 

increase the production of thyroid hormones

 

inhibit the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone

increase gluconeogenesis and metabolism and suppress the immune system

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates breast milk production in females?

 

Cortisol

 

Prolactin

 

Growth hormone

 

Somatostatin

 

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Prolactin

In the HPT axis, low body temperature triggers the hypothalamus to release                                   . This stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesize and release thyroid-stimulating hormone.

 

thyroxine

 

thymosin

 

insulin-like growth factor 1

 

triiodothyronine

 

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Which neurohormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary to stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

 

Progesterone

 

Prolactin

 

Epinephrine

 

Luteinizing hormone

 

Oxytocin

Oxytocin

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

 

Decrease the basal metabolic rate

 

Increase the blood glucose concentration

 

Increase gluconeogenesis and suppress the immune system

 

Decrease the blood calcium concentration

 

Increase the blood calcium concentration

Increase the blood calcium concentration

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas to decrease the blood glucose level?

 

Glucagon

 

Aldosterone

 

Insulin

 

Gastrin

 

Pancreatic polypeptide

Insulin

What is the primary function of Vitamin D3 in the body?

 

Act as a coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars and amino acids

 

Forms rhodopsin in the eye

 

Increase calcium absorption from the intestines

 

Assist with blood coagulation

 

Protect cell membranes from reactive oxygen species

Increase calcium absorption from the intestines

Which hormone is released by the thyroid gland to decreases blood calcium levels?

 

Parathyroid hormone

 

Calcitonin

 

Cholecystokinin

 

Cortisol

 

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Calcitonin

Which amino acid-derived hormone is responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate?

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

 

Calcitonin

 

Parathyroid hormone

 

Aldosterone

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates cell growth and the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver?

 

Growth hormone

 

Parathyroid hormone

 

Vitamin D3

 

Leptin

 

Glucagon

Growth hormone

Insulin-like growth factor 1 functions to                                   .

 

regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium reabsorption and and potassium excretion in the kidneys.

 

increase blood calcium by promoting the uptake of calcium from the intestines.

 

regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

 

regulate appetite and feeding behaviors.

 

mediate the action of growth hormone and ensure coordinated, balanced growth of the body tissues.

mediate the action of growth hormone and ensure coordinated, balanced growth of the body tissues.

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates ovulation and sex hormone synthesis in females?

 

Cortisol

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin

 

Prolactin

 

Parathyroid hormone

 

Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Which hormones are released by the adrenal cortex and converted to active sex steroids in the gonads and peripheral tissue?

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin

 

Prostaglandins

 

Follicle-stimulating hormone

 

Adrenal androgens

 

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Adrenal androgens

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?

 

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

 

Growth hormone

 

Cortisol

 

Parathyroid hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone