Nephrology Disorders Overview

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to nephrology disorders, including nephrosclerosis, pyelonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrosclerosis

Hardening of the renal arteries, often resulting in decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

Causes of Nephrosclerosis

Hypertension and diabetes are common causes that lead to nephrosclerosis.

Proteinuria

Presence of excess protein in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage.

Pyelonephritis

A bacterial infection in the upper urinary tract, which can spread to the kidneys.

Sources of Infection in Pyelonephritis

Bacteria can reach the kidneys from the bladder or through the bloodstream.

Acute Pyelonephritis Symptoms

Chills, fever, leukocytosis, urine frequency, urgency, fatigue, headache, and poor appetite.

Chronic Pyelonephritis

A long-term condition that may require prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrence.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries, which can lead to nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A condition characterized by increased permeability of the glomerulus leading to significant protein loss in urine.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

Includes edema, especially in hands and feet, and massive protein in urine.

Cola-colored urine

A hallmark sign of acute nephrotic syndrome, indicating the presence of RBCs and protein.

Recommended Dietary Changes in Renal Conditions

Restricting protein intake and controlling sodium to manage symptoms and prevent progression.

ACE Inhibitors

Medications used to control hypertension and protect kidney function in patients with renal disorders.

Albumin Levels in Nephrotic Syndrome

Low levels of albumin are observed due to excessive loss from the kidneys.