Pe -Mr Dunn pt1

Vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal joints, muscular attachment points, movement planes, respiration equations, training zones, and cardiovascular adaptations based on lecture notes.

Aerobic Training Zone

Training intensity defined as $60\%\text{--}80\%$ of Maximum Heart Rate (MHR).

Anaerobic Training Zone

Training intensity defined as $80\%\text{--}90\%$ of Maximum Heart Rate (MHR).

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration process represented by the equation: $\text{Oxygen} + \text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{Water} + \text{Energy}$

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration process represented by the equation: $\text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{Lactic Acid} + \text{Energy}$

Inspiration and Expiration Muscles

Breathing movements brought about by the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

Ligament

Connective tissue that provides stability to a joint.

Synovial Fluid

Fluid in the joint cavity that reduces friction, lubricates the joint, and aids movement.

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage at the end of bones that helps reduce friction, provides flexibility and mobility, and absorbs shock.

Joint Capsule

Enclosing structure with a synovial lining that strengthens the joint.

Bursa

Fluid-filled sac in a synovial joint that reduces friction.

Tendon

Tough fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Origin

Point of muscular attachment to a bone that stays fixed during contraction, usually located superiorly.

Insertion

Point of muscular attachment to a movable bone that gets closer to the origin during contraction, usually located inferiorly.

Hinge Joint

Joint found at the ankle, elbow, and knee allowing flexion, extension, and dorsiflexion/plantarflexion at the ankle.

Ball and Socket Joint

Joint found at the shoulder and hip allowing rotation, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.

Condyloid Joint

Joint found at the wrist allowing abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension.

Pivot Joint

Joint found at the neck (atlas/axis) and elbow allowing rotation, such as during breathing in swimming.

Gliding Joint

Joint found at the wrist and ankle that permits gliding movement.

Transverse Plane

Plane formed by a horizontal line that divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections; examples include pirouette, full twist, cross-trainer, wood chopper, lower body twists, russian twists, cable flys, and vertical traction.

Frontal Plane

Plane formed by a vertical line that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections; examples include cartwheels, star jumps, side plank, dead hang, and lateral raises.

Sagittal Plane

Plane formed by a vertical line that divides the body into left and right sections from medial to lateral; examples include swim diving, bicep curls, running, dumbbell flys, squats, treadmill, leg curls, and pull-ups.

Abduction

Movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a body segment closer to the midline of the body.

Horizontal Extension

Movement that moves a bone away from the midline of the body in a horizontal plane.

Horizontal Flexion

Movement that moves a bone closer to the midline of the body in a horizontal plane (e.g., discus throw, open/close the gate).

Cardiovascular Adaptations

Training benefits resulting in quicker recovery, lower resting heart rate, lower working heart rate, muscle hypertrophy, increased stroke volume (SV), and increased red blood cell (RBC) count.