Musculoskeletal System: Chapter 12

Arthritis

inflammation of the joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

arthr:

joint

-itis

inflammation

arthroplasty

Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

-plasty

surgical repair

articulation

Connection between two bones; also called a joint

contraction

shortening or tightening of a muscle

musculoskeletal

pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton

muscul/o

muscle

skelet:

skeleton

-al

pertaining to

radiography

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

radi/o

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

-graphy

process of recording

synovial fluid

Lubrication fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

Musculoskeletal System

associated with medical specialties of orthopedics and chiropractic medicine

Orthopedics

Branch of medicine concerned with prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons)

Orthopedists

Employ medical, physical, and surgical methods, such as hip arthroplasty, to restore function that is lost as a result of injury to or disease of the musculoskeletal system

Rheumatologist

A medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones

Chiropractic Medicine

A system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves

Chiropractor

Health care provider who treats musculoskeletal disorders

fasci/o

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

fascioplasty

surgical repair of fascia

fibr/o

fiber, fibrous tissue

fibroma

tumor of fibrous tissue

leiomy/o

smooth muscle (visceral)

leiomyoma

tumor of smooth muscle

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

lumbodynia

pain in the loins (lower back)

muscl/o ; myl/o

muscle

muscular

pertaining to the muscles

-oma

tumor-du

-ar

pertaining to

myorrhexis

rupture of a muscle

-rrhexis

rupture

ten/o ; tend/o ; tendin/o

tendon

tenotomy

incision of the tendon

tendoplasty

surgical repair of the tendon

-plasty

surgical repair

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon; usually resulting from strain; also called tendonitis

-itis

inflammation

carp/o

carpus (wrist bones)

Carpoptosis

downward displacement of the wrist, also called dropped wrist

-ptosis

prolapse, downward displacement

cervic/o

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

cervical

pertaining to the cervix

cost/o

ribs

subcostal

beneath the ribs

sub-

under, below

crani/o

cranium (skull)

craniotomy

incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during nuerosurgical procedures.

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

humeral

pertaining to the humerus

metacarp/o

metacarpus (hand bones)

metacarpectomy

excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones

-ectomy

excision, removal

phalang/o

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

phalangitis

inflammation of one or more phalanges

spondyl/o; vertebr/o

Vertebra (backbone)

Spondylitis

inflammation of any vertebrae, usually characterized by stiffness and pain

vertebral

pertaining to a vertebra or the vertebral column

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

sternocostal

Pertaining to the sternum and ribs.

cost:

ribs

calcane/o

calcaneum (heel bone)

calcaneodynia

painful condition of the heel

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

femoral

pertaining to the femur

fibul/o

Fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

Fibul/ar

Pertaining to the fibula

Patell/o

Patella (kneecap)

Patellectomy

Excision of the patella

Pelv/i ; pelv/o

Pelvis

Pelvimeter

Measurement of pelvic dimensions or proportions

Pelvis

Refers to the hit bone

Radi/o

Radiation, X-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

Radiograph

X-ray image

Tibi/o

Tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

Tibial

Pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)

Ankyl/o

Stiffness; bent, crooked

Ankylosis

Immobility of a joint

Arthr/o

Joint

Arthrodesis

Surgical fixation of a joint

Chondr/o

cartilage

Costochondritis

inflammation of the cartilage of the anterior chest walls (ribs)

lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

laminectomy

excision of the lamina (bony arches of one or more vertebrae)

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

myelocele

herniation of the spinal cord

ortho/o

straight

orthopedics

branch of medicine concerned with prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system disorders

oste/o

bone

osteoporosis

porous bone

-clasia

to break; surgical fracture

arthroclasia

surgical breaking of adhesions to improve mobility of a joint

-clast

to break

osteoclast

cell that breaks down bone

-plegia

paralysis

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body