Chapter 6 Campbell biology - Midterm study

Nuclear Evelope

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER.

Nucleolus

non-membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli.

Chromatin

material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes.

What does the Nucleus consist of

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chromatin.

Plasma membrane

membrane enclosing the cell

Ribosomes

(Small brown dots) complexes that make proteins; free in cystol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope.

Golgi apparatus

organelle active in synthesis, modifications, sorting and secretion of cell products.

Lysosome

digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.

Mitochondria

organelle where cellular respiration occurs and more ATP is generated.

Peroxisome

organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product and then concerts it to water.

Microvilli

membrane projections that increase the cell’s surface area.

Cytoskeleton

reinforces cell’s shape; function in cell movement; components are made of proteins

What does the cytoskeleton include?

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Centrosome

region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles

Flagellum

Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membranous synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-structured) and smooth regions.

What is the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) composed of?

Rough and Smooth ER