Chapter 10: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

stereotypes

A belief that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group

prejudice

An attitude or affective response (positive or negative) toward a group and its individual members.

discrimination

Favorable or unfavorable treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group

modern racism

Prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs.

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

A technique for revealing nonconscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people.

Priming

the presentation of information designed to activate a concept and hence make it accessible. A prime is the stimulus presented to activate the concept in question.

Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP)

A priming procedure designed to assess people's implicit associations to different stimuli, including their associations to various ethnic, racial, gender, and occupational groups.

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources

Ethnocentrism

 Glorifying one's own group while vilifying other groups.

Superordinate Goals

A goal that transcends the interests of any one group and that can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together.

Minimal Group Paradigm

An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these "minimal groups" are inclined to behave toward one another.

Social Identity Theory

 the idea that a person's self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs.

Basking in Reflected Glory

Taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one's group, such as when sports fans identify with a winning team.

Paired Distinctiveness

the pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together.

Subtyping

Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole.

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

the tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups.

Own-Race Identification Bias

 the tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups.

Contact Hypothesis

 the proposition that prejudice can be reduced by putting members of different groups in frequent contact with one another

Multiculturalism

A diversity ideology that encourages the acknowledgment and appreciation of people's unique cultural and ethnic identities.

Color-Blindness

A diversity ideology that encourages treating others as unique individuals and downplaying or ignoring cultural and ethnic group differences.