Health Assessment EXAM 3: Terms to Know

hinge joint

aid in the movement of flexion and extension

ball and socket joint

aid in movement in all directions

pivot joint

rotation around a single axis

gliding joint

aids in sliding and twisting movement

saddle joint

aids in back and forth as well as side to side movement

condyloid joint

aids in all movement except rotation

dislocation

complete loss of contact between two bones in a joint

subluxation

bone and joints are in contact but not aligned (partial dislocation)

contracture

shortening or tightening of muscle, tendon, ligaments, joint capsule and other soft tissues causing limited ROM

ankylosis

fixation, stiffening, or complete fusion of a joint; causes a fused or locked joint

strabismus

cross-eyed

amblyopia

lazy eye

nystagmus

involuntary rapid eye movement

anisocoria

unequal pupil size

fasciculation

rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle or part of muscle without movement of limb

dystonia

a category of uncontrollable motor movements, which include jerking, tics, twitching, tremors, and seizures

stereogenesis

the ability to perceive and identify familiar objects solely by handling and feeling their form, size, and weight with the eyes closed

graphesthesia

the ability to "read" or identify a single-digit number or letter traced on the skin

aphasia

speech problems

hemiparesis

unilateral weakness (R or L)

hemiplegia

unilateral paralysis (R or L)

paraplegia

paralysis on the lower half of the body from the waist down (legs)

quadriplegia

paralysis to the entire body from the neck down (arms and legs); can be partial or full

diplopia

double vision

presbyopia

age related vision loss due to loss of ability to focus on close objects; lens loses its elasticity and becomes hard and glasslike

preorbital edema

swollen and puffy eyelids caused by excess fluid accumulation in the tissues surrounding the eye; caused by local eye infections, physical trauma, crying or congestive heart failure, renal failure, severe allergies, and hypothyroidism (myxedema)

ptosis

medical term for a drooping upper eyelid; a positional defect that gives the individual a sleepy appearance and can impair vision

entropion

lower lid turned inward

ectropion

eyelid turned outward

basal cell carcinoma

skin lesion that most commonly affects the lower eyelid; strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and light skin

hordeolum

an acute, localized staphylococcal infection of hair follicles or sebaceous glands in the eyelid; aka. stye

chalazion

beady nodule protruding on the eyelid caused by the obstruction and inflammation of a meibomian gland

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid margins

miosis

constricted and fixed pupils R/T brain damage to the pons or use of narcotics

mydriasis

dilated and fixed pupils R/T central nervous system injury, Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor nerve) damage, deep anesthesia, and circulatory arrest

glaucoma

increase in ocular pressure leading to progressive vision loss

macular degeneration

progressive central vision loss; R/T elderly, diabetes, or hypertension

cataract

opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens that results from a clumping of proteins within the lens

diabetic retinopathy

a primary cause of blindness in working-age adults; macular edema and formation of nonfunctional blood vessels caused by chronic hyperglycemia from diabetes

clonus

rapid rhythmic contractions of calf muscle and movement of the foot when muscle is fully flexed or stretched