[Anatomy + Physiology] Blood + Nerve Supply of Bones + How Bones are Formed + Factors Affecting Bone Growth
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26 Terms
How are bones alive?
Get nutrients from blood vessels from the periosteum
What do the blood vessels in the bone do?
supply bones with blood, oxygen, and nurtients
what else do blood vessels do
pass into bones containing red bone marrow
how many types of ossification (osetogenesis) are there
2 types
what is the simpler method of forming bones?
intramembranous ossification
what is intramembranous ossificaton used for?
forming the skull + mandile
what is the 1st step of the intramembranous ossfication?
development of the ossification center
how does the development of the ossification center work?
mesenchymal cells cluster and form osteoblasts
what is the 2nd step of the intramembranous ossification
calcification
how does calcification in intramembranous ossification work?
as the osteoblasts form the bone matrix (which hardens the bones) alcification occurs, osteoblasts mature into osteocytes
what hardens the bones during calcificaion?
calcium + salt
what is the 3rd step of intramembranous ossification?
formation of the trabuclate
what is the 4th step of the intramembranous ossification?
development of the periosteum
how does development of the periosteum work in intramembranous ossification
mesenchyme condenses into the periosteum. spongy bone gets replaced with compact bone
what is the other method of forming bones
endochondral
how does endochondral work?
replaces the cartilage by bone ←most bones formed this way
what is the 1st stage in endochondral?
development of cartilage
what is the 2nd stage in endochondral?
growth of the cartilage
what is the 3rd stage in endochondral?
development of primary ossification center
what is the 4th stage in endochonral?
development of the medullary cavity
what is the 5th stage in endochondral?
development of secondary ossification centers
what is the 6th stage in endochondral?
formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
what are the three factors affecting bone growth?
minerals, vitamins, and hormones
how do minerals affect bone growth
calcium + phosphorous work to build strong bones
how do vitamins affect bone growth?
c, k, d, and b help protein synthesis
how do hormones affect bone growth?
IGFS (insulin growth factors) stimulate osteoblasts + bone growth