APUSH Time period 4 Review 1800-1848 Using Review Sheet

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams; peaceful transfer strengthened the republic.

Jeffersonian Republicanism

Favored agrarian republic, limited government, and strict construction.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review for the Supreme Court.

War of 1812

Caused by British trade interference and impressment; ended by Treaty of Ghent.

Era of Good Feelings

Post-War of 1812 period of Federalist decline and increased nationalism.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Admitted Missouri (slave) and Maine (free); set 36°30′ slavery boundary.

Jacksonian Democracy

Expanded voting rights for white men while excluding minorities and women.

Democrats vs. Whigs

Democrats opposed national bank; Whigs favored federal support for infrastructure.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Upheld national bank and implied powers of Congress.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Strengthened federal control over interstate commerce.

Tariff of 1828

Protective tariff heavily opposed by Southerners, especially South Carolina.

Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)

South Carolina challenged federal tariffs; resolved by a compromise tariff.

Bank War

Jackson vetoed Second Bank recharter and withdrew federal deposits.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Jefferson bought territory from France, doubling U.S. size.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Explored western lands and gathered geographic data from 1804 to 1806.

Embargo Act (1807)

Jefferson restricted overseas trade, damaging the U.S. economy.

Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)

Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Warned European powers against colonization or intervention in the Americas.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Authorized removal of southeastern Native nations to western lands.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that American continental expansion was justified and inevitable.

Erie Canal (1825)

Transportation innovation that reduced shipping costs and connected markets.

Telegraph

Communication innovation demonstrated by Samuel Morse in the 1840s.

Lowell textile mills

Factory system that employed many young women in manufacturing.

Cotton gin (1793)

Invented by Eli Whitney; made short-staple cotton profitable and expanded slavery.

Second Great Awakening

Protestant revival emphasizing personal salvation and social reform.

Charles Grandison Finney

Revivalist preacher who promoted religious conversion and reform.

Temperance movement

Reform effort to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

Shakers

Utopian community known for communal property, celibacy, and gender equality.

Brook Farm

Utopian community combining intellectual development with manual labor.

New Harmony

Robert Owen's experiment in cooperative socialism.

Oneida Community

John Humphrey Noyes's religious perfectionist community.

Horace Mann

Promoted tax-supported public schools and professional teacher training.

Dorothea Dix

Advocated better treatment for mental illness and prison reform.

American Colonization Society

Supported relocating free Black Americans to Liberia, Africa.

William Lloyd Garrison

Published The Liberator and demanded immediate emancipation.

Frederick Douglass

Formerly enslaved abolitionist who used speeches and writings to expose slavery.

Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)

Enslaved Virginian revolt, leading to stricter slave codes.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and women's rights advocate.

Underground Railroad

Informal network helping enslaved people escape; Harriet Tubman was a conductor.

Cult of Domesticity

Idealized women as moral guardians of the home.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Organized by Stanton and Mott; launched organized women's rights movement.

Declaration of Sentiments

Demanded greater legal and political equality for women, including suffrage.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Supreme Court recognized Cherokee limits, but removal still occurred.

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Forced, deadly removal of the Cherokee to the West.

Texas Revolution (1835-1836)

Texas settlers rebelled against Mexico, creating an independent republic.

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

Resulted from Texas disputes and led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.